Still in his mid-50s, he suffered severe osteoarthritis.

50多岁时候， 他就备受关节炎折磨。

Even the most common type, osteoarthritis, is trickier to prevent than one might think.

即使要避免最常关节炎，也比人们想象难得多。

Osteoarthritis is really common, and nearly everyone knows someone that suffers from it.

关节炎十分常，几乎每个人身边都有该病患者。

Which can boost the risk of osteoarthritis and the need for hip replacement in middle age.

这会增加关节炎发病率从而使得患病者在中年时需要进行髋关节置换手术。

The origins of osteoarthritis can often be traced to a patient's early life, from any seemingly ordinary joint injury.

关节炎病根，通常可追溯到患者早些年看普通关节损伤。

And they actually randomized these women who had knee osteoarthritis into one of two groups.

戴维斯：他们实际上将这些患有膝关节炎女性随机分为两组。

We have, for example, an epidemic of osteoarthritis today.

例如，我们今天有流行关节炎。

Nowadays, it's thought that inflammation does indeed play an important role in the development of osteoarthritis.

现如今，炎症反应被认为确实在关节炎病程发展中，起到了不可忽视作用。

The researchers looked for signs of diabetes, high blood pressure, and osteoarthritis.

研究人员寻找糖尿病、高血关节炎迹象。

Dolly who had to be put down in 2003 had aged prematurely because she developed osteoarthritis at a relatively young age.

多利在相对年轻岁数患上关节炎，因此未老先衰，2003年不得不被实施安乐死。

People can also develop things called osteoarthritis, where you actually lose cartilage and you have more kind of bone on bone.

人们也可以患上叫做关节炎病，你实际上失去了软，你头上有更多种类头。

This leads to the flood of enzymes and degradation seen in osteoarthritis, but is driven by different inflammatory proteins called cytokines.

也出现关节炎中产生大量酶削弱关节现象，但由不同炎症蛋白引起，这种蛋白称为细胞因子。

The origins of osteoarthritis can often be traced to a patient’s early life, from any seemingly ordinary joint injury.

关节炎起源通常可以追溯到患者早年生活，源于任何看普通关节损伤。

Finally, management and treatment of osteoarthritis can involve non-pharmacological approaches, like losing weight or moderate exercise, as well as physical therapy.

最后，关节炎治疗处理常使用非药物疗法，如减肥或适当运动，以及物理疗法。

If Dolly was a typical example, it was possible that clones would die early of age-related diseases, like osteoarthritis.

如果多莉是一个典型例子，克隆人有可能会早死于与年龄有关疾病， 比如关节炎。

Higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, even some cancers, osteoarthritis and a clear link to mental conditions such as depression.

糖尿病、高血、心血管疾病，甚至某些癌症、关节炎发病率更高，并且与抑郁症等精神疾病有着明显联系。

A 2007 study looked at 200 people with knee pain from osteoarthritis, where the cartilage that cushions the bones is worn away.

2007 年一项研究调查了 200 名因关节炎导致膝盖疼痛人，其中缓冲骼软被磨损。

To dig up this dirt on potatoes, the researchers actually piggybacked on another, totally unrelated study about knee osteoarthritis called the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

为了挖掘土豆上污垢，研究人员实际上借助了另一项与膝关节炎完全无关研究，称为关节炎倡议。

So there’s a chance that the nerve endings in the uncushioned bones of osteoarthritis patients could respond to pressure changes and ache, too.

因此，关节炎患者无衬垫骼中神经末梢也有可能对力变化疼痛做出反应。

People with osteoarthritis often feel stiffness in the morning, which usually lasts less than 1 hour but comes back at the end of the day.

关节炎患者往往感到晨僵，晨僵时间往往不超过一小时，但在一天结束时又会发生。