Soane was a working class boy who miraculously rose through the British class system.

索恩生来是工人阶级却奇迹般完成了阶级。

And it will be orders of magnitude faster than the thousand-year transition that happened last time.

而且会比上次发生的千年几个数级。

Just like with the ionization energy there's a discrete energy jump involved with the adding of an electron.

就像电离一样， 有一个离散的涉及到一个电子的添加。

In this monarchical system everyone knew his or her place, with little expectation of being able to move very far outside of it.

在当时的君主制体制下，所有人很识时务，很少指望自己实现多大的阶级。

Bohr proposed that electrons occupied discrete energy levels, or " orbits, " and could transition between them by absorbing or emitting precise amounts of energy as light.

玻尔提出，电子占据离散的级或“轨道”，并且可以通过吸收或发射精确数的在它们之间进行。

Bombard an ordinary hydrogen atom with microwaves of the right frequency and you will lift it out of its ground state by flipping the spin of its electron.

以特定频率的微波轰击普通氢原子可以反转其中电子的自旋，使其离开基态。

This form of radiation is often released when electrons transition from an unstable excited state, to a more stable state that has a lower energy.

当电子从不稳定的激发态到较低的更稳定态时，通常会释放这种形式的辐射。

How can the same sum total of solar orbits, lunar phases, terrestrial rotations, or transitions of a cesium-133 atom remain constant, but feel so different in our minds?

太阳轨道、月相、地球自转或铯 133 原子的总和怎么会保持不变，但在我们的脑海中却感觉如此不同？

For example, if a cloud of gas is blasted by light from a nearby massive star, the gas in it becomes excited; the electrons in its atoms jump to a higher energy level.

例如，如果一团气体云被附近的大质恒星发出的强烈照射，其中的气体就会被激发；原子中的电子就会到更高的级。