These arteries eventually branch into the arterioles, the smallest of the arteries.

这些动脉最终会分支为小动脉，即最小的动脉。

Instead the glomerulus funnels blood into efferent arterioles which divide into capillaries a second time.

而是由肾小球将血液输送进入出球小动脉，后者分支复成毛细血管网。

This is where the arteriole walls develop hyaline deposits, which makes it harder for them to dilate.

这是小动脉壁形成透明沉积物的地方，使得它们很难扩张。

A small alley is as small to the city as an arteriole 0.1 millimeters wide is to you.

条小巷之城市来说，就像条0.1毫米宽的动脉对你来说样渺小。

So with vasodilation of the arterioles, more heat gets lost which, therefore, helps to lower body temperature.

因此，随着动脉血管舒张，量会流失，有助降低体温。

The cortical radiate arteries continue to divide eventually forming afferent arterioles that split into a tiny bundle of capillaries called the glomerulus.

小叶间动脉继续分支，最后形成入球小动脉；后者再分成若干小支形成团微小的毛细血管球，即肾小球。

We previously learned that arterioles have a smaller diameter than arteries.

我们以前了解到，小动脉的直径比动脉小。

This process of glycation particularly affects the efferent arteriole and causes it to get stiff and more narrow - a process called hyaline arteriosclerosis.

这种糖基化过程尤其影响出球小动脉，使其硬化、变窄——该过程叫玻璃样动脉硬化。

Just like in the lungs, the aorta branches into arterioles which are smaller arteries and, finally, into capillaries which are the smallest.

就像在肺部样，主动脉分叉为小动脉，最后变为毛细血管。

Vasodilation of the arterioles decreases resistance and increases blood flow.

小动脉血管扩张减少了阻力，增加了血流量。

Arterioles also have relatively more smooth muscle in their walls, which allows them to constrict and dilate more efficiently.

小动脉壁上的肌肉也相对较光滑，这使它们可以有效地收缩和扩张。

The smallest subdivisions of arteries, the arterioles, have thinner walls in which there are very little connective tissues but relatively more muscle.

动脉的小分支（小动脉）携血液至最小的血管（毛细血管）。

Therefore, we see that the small arterioles are able to provide a significant amount of control over the flow of blood.

因此，我们看到，小动脉能够提供对血液流动的大量控制。

Blood flow to individual organs, or throughout the entire circulatory system, can be regulated by changing the diameter of the arterioles.

流向各个器官或整个循环系统的血液可以通过改变小动脉的直径来调节。

So that blood goes from the pulmonary artery into a pulmonary arteriole, which is a little bit smaller and, finally, into a capillary which is the smallest.

血液从肺动脉进入较细小的肺小动脉，最后进入毛细血管。

On the other end of the capillary bed there's a venule, and the arteriole and venule are usually directly connected by a vessel called the metarteriole.

在毛细血管床的另端，有小静脉；小动脉和小静脉通常是由种叫后微动脉的血管直接连接的。

Of all of the blood vessels in the body, the most important ones to consider when we talk about resistance to blood flow are the arterioles.

在体内所有的血管中，当我们谈到血流阻力时，最重要的是动脉。

For example, if an arteriole constricts, its lumen will decrease in size, but the blood will pass through the arterial with more force or pressure.

例如，如果小动脉收缩，其管腔大小将减小，但血液将以大的力或压力通过动脉。

In fact, the mesangium is continuous with the smooth muscles of the afferent and efferent arterioles, and fills in the space between the loops of blood vessels, hence the name.

事实上，系膜是由入球、出球小动脉的平滑肌细胞延续而来，填满了毛细血管袢的空隙，因此得名Mes-angium。

In arterioles, a process called hyaline arteriolosclerosis is where the walls of arterioles where they develop hyaline deposits, which are the deposits of proteins, and these make them hard and inflexible.

小动脉会出现透明样细小动脉硬化，即小动脉的血管壁上产生了透明质酸沉积，即蛋白质沉积物，而这些物质让小动脉僵化变硬。