Without the support of dystrophin in place, the sarcolemma essentially wilts and becomes unstable.

没有萎缩蛋白的支撑，缩变得不稳定。

Okay, so as a quick recap: the protein dystrophin is super important for stabilizing the muscle cell membrane.

萎缩蛋白对纤维稳定性的维持极其重要。

Alright, so the dystrophin gene is a huge gene on the X-chromosome, that has 79 exons and is over 2 million base pairs in length.

萎缩蛋白基因X染色体上一个庞大的基因，含有79个外显子，全长超过2000kbp（书上通常缩写为bp，碱基对）。

Now, the fact that both Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy result from mutations in the same dystrophin gene means that they are " allelic disorders, "

DMD和BMD都于同一萎缩蛋白基因突变引起的，意味着二者“等位基因疾病”。

Within that group, dystrophinopathies are the most common, which includes Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or DMD, and Becker muscular dystrophy, both of which result from mutations in the dystrophin gene.

这些功能紊乱中，营养不良疾病最常见的，包括Duchenne型营养不良（DMD）和Becker型营养不良（BMD）；这二者都萎缩蛋白基因突变导致的。

In addition to those two, genetic mutations in other genes are responsible for several dozen other muscular dystrophies, some of which code for proteins that form a protein complex with dystrophin protein.

除了这两种疾病，其它基因的突变导致了其它几十种营养不良，其中一些基因编码形成萎缩蛋白相关蛋白复合体的蛋白质。

Now if this inactivation's random, you'd expect about half of the female's cells to have a functional dystrophin gene and the other half to have a defective dystrophin gene, and these people are typically asymptomatic.

如果失活随机的，可以预料到女性一半的细胞中萎缩蛋白基因正常的，另一半有缺陷的，通常这些人无临床症状。

Having said that, if more cells end up with the defective dystrophin gene, and less with the functional one, they can end up being " manifesting carriers, " meaning that they manifest or show some symptoms.

话虽如此，如果机体中有该基因缺陷的细胞更多，而正常基因更少，这一类人群就“显性携带者”，意味着他们也会有部分症状表现。

Later symptoms include needing a wheelchair because of severe weakness, developing respiratory failure because of a weak diaphragm, scoliosis, and developing dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias since the dystrophin protein is also expressed in heart muscle.

后期症状包括，于严重的无力需坐轮椅，于膈无力会发生呼吸衰竭、脊柱侧凸，因为萎缩蛋白也表达于心纤维，还会引发扩张型心病和心律失常。