In South America, people made chicha from grains, sometimes adding hallucinogenic herbs.

在南美洲，人们用粮食酿奇恰酒，有时还添加致幻草药。

Now how long does it take for the hallucinogenic properties to kick in?

那么要多久才能产生幻觉呢？

Hallucinogenic mushrooms are not confined to just one genus, or family of fungi.

致幻蘑菇不只限类属或真菌家族。

There's over 200 species of fungi that produce psilocybin, which makes them hallucinogenic.

有超过200种真菌能产生裸盖菇素，裸盖菇素能使它们产生幻觉。

Humans have been eating hallucinogenic, or " magic," mushrooms in ritual and spiritual contexts since at least 3,000 BCE.

至少从公元前3000年开始，人类就在仪式和精神环境中食用致幻蘑菇或“魔法”蘑菇。

There are several competing hypotheses that try explaining the function of hallucinogenic compounds in fungi.

有几相互竞争的假设都在试图解致幻化合物在真菌中的功能。

Their findings show that horizontal gene transfer of loci that encode for these hallucinogenic compounds have occurred in non-related species.

他们的研究结果表明，编码这些致幻化合物位点的水平基因转移也发生在非亲缘物种中。

And hallucinogenic drugs have some of the most puzzling effects.

致幻药物具有些最令人费解的作用。

Small doses can give you hallucinogenic effects, larger doses would be fatal.

小剂量会给你带来致幻作用，大剂量会致。

Contrary to popular belief, it is not hallucinogenic, but it is high proof.

与普遍的看法相反，它不会产生幻觉，但证据确凿。

And Dad, utterly silenced, simply stared at what was unfolding before him, like someone dumped into a hallucinogenic dream.

而爸爸，完全沉默了， 只是盯着眼前发生的切，就像人陷入了致幻的梦境。

Our species is a mere 200,000 years old and the first hallucinogenic compounds arose at least 60 million years ago.

我们的物种只有 200,000 年的历史，而第致幻化合物至少出现在 6000 万年前。

Their work reveals that muscarine, another compound hallucinogenic to the mammalian brain, has been produced in the fruiting bodies of fungi for 60 million years.

他们的研究发现了另种对哺乳动物大脑有致幻作用的化合物——毒蕈碱，已经在真菌的子实体中产生了 6000 万年。

These strange animal hybrid figurines may indicate that hallucinogenic drugs were an important part of the Olmec religion and their ceremonies.

这些奇怪的动物混血雕像可能表明致幻药物是奥尔梅克宗教及其仪式的重要组成部分。

You would think that since hallucinogenic compounds independently evolved several times over, that there would be a clear ecological purpose these substances.

你会认为既然致幻化合物独立进化了好几次，那这些物质应该会有明确的生态目的。

Perhaps the key to understanding this object is that this toad excretes a hallucinogenic substance, and Central Americans believed that it represented an earth goddess.

也许我们了解这条腰带的关键是，这种蟾蜍会分泌出种致幻物质，而中美洲人视之为位土地女神的化身。

Mushrooms and hippie culture go hand-in-hand, which is why after two years of writing for this blog, I haven't really talked about hallucinogenic mushrooms.

蘑菇和嬉皮文化齐头并进，这就是为什么经过两年的博客写作，我还没有真正谈论过致幻蘑菇。

These species of fungi along with their hallucinogenic compounds interact with their ecosystems in diverse ways and have been doing so for millions of years.

这些真菌及其致幻化合物以多种方式与生态系统相互作用，并且已经持续了数百万年。

Venetia Welby's exquisite and hallucinogenic Dreamtime (Quartet, April) is set in a near future in which we have lost the battle against climate change.

威尼斯·韦尔比 (Venetia Welby) 精致而致幻的梦幻时光（四重奏， 四月）设定在不久的将来， 我们已经失去了与气候变化的斗争。

Ayahuasca is actually a combination of the leaves of one plant (Psychotria viridis) and the vines of another (Banisteriopsis caapi) - neither of which have any hallucinogenic power on their own.

Ayahuasca 实际上是种植物 (Psychotria viridis) 的叶子和另种 (Banisteriopsis caapi) 的藤蔓的组合——它们本身都没有任何致幻能力。