Thermoreceptors respond to temperature changes, while nociceptors sense pain.

温度器对温度变化有反应，而伤害器会知到疼痛。

Well that tack in your flesh is that something. And it snaps those nociceptors to attention.

肉里图钉就是那个事情。它会让那些伤害器注意到。

Your peripheral nervous system's mechano- and nociceptors provided that base sensation, or awareness that something had changed.

周神经系统机械器和伤害器提供了基本，或者说意识到某事发生了变化。

For example, some nociceptors are attached to fibers with slightly more conductive, fatty myelin than others.

例如，有些伤害器依附于神经纤维，就会更具有传导作用，髓磷脂所富含脂肪也更多一些。

It actually activates nociceptors (the cells specialized in the sensation of pain), an experience that dogs don't like at all.

它实际上激活伤害器（专门用于疼痛细胞），这是狗一点也不喜欢体验。

Some detect temperature, some detect touch, while others called nociceptors exclusively detect pain.

一些检测温度，一些检测触，而另一些称为伤害器则专门检测疼痛。

Now, the harder you push against the needle, the closer you get to the nociceptor threshold.

但越用力推针尖，越接近痛器阈值。

Certain chemicals can tune nociceptors, lowering their threshold for pain.

某些化学物质可以调节器，降低痛阈值。

But, unlike other nerve cells, nociceptors only fire if something happens that could cause or is causing damage.

不像其他神经细胞，痛器只在可能或正在造成伤害时才会作用。

Push hard enough, and you'll cross that threshold and the nociceptors fire, telling your body to stop doing whatever you're doing.

很用力话，就会超过阈值，痛器启动，告诉身体停止目前行为。

Paper cuts directly damage the nociceptors in your outermost layer of skin, the epidermis, and those nerve bundles send pain signals to your brain.

剪纸会直接损伤皮肤最层（表皮）中伤害器，这些神经束会向大脑发送疼痛信号。

So when you get hurt, the electrical impulses from thicker nociceptors trigger sharp, intense pain, while thin, unmyelinated nociceptors are responsible for the dull, aching pain that follows.

所以当伤时，具有更厚质伤害器所传导电脉冲就会引发强烈剧痛，而薄质且无髓鞘伤害器则会产生隐隐酸痛。

The most common type of nociceptors tend to be smaller than the nerves for touch or temperature, so they send signals more slowly.

最常见伤害器类型往往比触或温度神经更小，因此它们发送信号速度更慢。

Scientists have theories for what the actual cause is, ranging from spasming blood vessels to overly sensitive nociceptors, but no one knows for sure.

科学家们对实际原因有各种理论，从血管痉挛到过度敏伤害器，但没有人确切知道。

When you step on a nail, for example, you stimulate nociceptors, or specialized nerve cells, that send a message through your spinal cord to your brain.

例如， 当您踩到钉子时，您会刺激伤害器或专门神经细胞，它们会通过脊髓向大脑发送信息。

And then we've got specialized nerve receptors called nociceptors that, unlike those other receptors, fire only to indicate pain, which is the main thing I want to talk about today.

然后我们有一种特殊神经器，叫做伤害器，与其他器不同，它只发出信号来指示疼痛，这是我今天想谈主要内容。

Their pain receptors, called nociceptors, trigger in response, cueing the brain to release a flood of neuropeptides that inflame the cranial blood vessels, swelling and heating up the head.

它们疼痛器， 称为伤害器， 会触发响应，提示大脑释放大量神经肽，使颅内血管发炎， 使头部肿胀和发热。

Since you mainly use your fingers and your hands to feel the world around you, they’re full of nociceptors, pain receptors that respond to things like pressure and temperature.

由于您主要使用手指和手来周围世界，因此它们充满了伤害器，即对压力和温度等事物做出反应疼痛器。

That is, the point where a stimulus is intense enough to trigger action potentials in those nociceptors is the same for everybody. But, you and I might have different tolerances for discomfort.

也就是说，刺激强烈到足以触发伤害器动作电位点对每个人来说都是一样。但是，和我可能对不适有不同容忍度。

When you accidentally touch a hot stove or try to walk on a sprained ankle, special pain sensing nerves called nociceptors are triggered to send neuro messages up your spine and into your brain.

当不小心触碰滚烫炉灶或试图用扭伤脚踝走路时，会触发特殊痛神经，称为伤害器，以将神经信息发送到脊椎并进入大脑。