Thomas, a renowned rationalist, confessed a fascination with spiritualism.

托马斯是一位著名的理性主义者，却也承认自己对主义很着迷。

It takes the stance of pure historical idealism and espouses a doomsday theory.

它采取纯粹的历史主义立场，拥护世界末日论。

It treats the universe as limited, which is absolutely a form of reactionary idealism.

它把宇宙看成是有限的，这完全是一种反动的主义。

The person would be an " idealist" and the idea of " idealistic" would be " idealism" (idealism).

这个人会是一个“主义者”，“主义”的想法就是“主义”（idealism）。

The first serious attempt to establish idealism on such grounds was that of Bishop Berkeley.

在这种基础上建立主义的第一个认真尝试是 Bishop Berkeley。

Hence his grounds in favour of idealism may be dismissed.

因此，他支主义的理由能会被驳回。

A heavy tax on words over four syllables, as heterodoxy, spontaneity, spiritualism, spuriosity, etc.

对超过四个音节的词征收重税，如异端、自发性、主义、虚假等。

Such a world does not require an idealistic Platonic response, but a historical response, of the kind found in Thucydides.

这样的世界不需要柏拉图式的主义回应，而是修昔底德式的历史回应。

We can begin to state the difference between realism and idealism in terms of this opposition of contents and objects.

我们以从内容和对象的这种对立开始说明现实主义和主义的区别。

In answering these questions, he is led to a logic which merges into that of Parmenides and Plato and the idealist tradition.

在回答这些问题时，他被引向一种逻辑，这种逻辑融入了巴门尼德和柏拉图的逻辑以及主义传统。

Speaking quite roughly and approximately, we may say that idealism tends to suppress the object, while realism tends to suppress the content.

粗略地说，我们以说， 主义倾向于压制对象， 而现实主义倾向于压制内容。

Thus, when we reject the act, which I think we must, we are driven to a theory of memory which is more akin to idealism.

因此，当我们拒绝这种行为时， 我认为我们必须这样做， 我们就会被驱使到一种更类似于主义的记忆理论。

The logic of the idealist tradition has gradually grown very complex and very abstruse, as may be seen from the Bradleian sample considered in our first lecture.

主义传统的逻辑逐渐变得非常复杂和深奥，从我们第一讲中考虑的 Bradleian 样本中以看出这一点。

This standpoint is called idealism. The opposite viewpoint is called materialism. By this is meant a philosophy which holds that all real things derive from concrete material substances.

这种观点被称为主义。相反的观点称为物主义。这意味着一种哲学，认为所有真实的事物都源于具体的物质实体。

When we are speaking of matter, it will seem as if we were inclining to idealism; when we are speaking of mind, it will seem as if we were inclining to materialism.

当我们谈论物质时， 似乎我们倾向于主义； 当我们谈到灵时， 似乎我们倾向于物主义。

The definition of truth as the correspondence between beliefs and facts seems peculiarly evident in the case of memory, as against not only the pragmatist definition but also the idealist definition by means of coherence.

将真理定义为信念与事实之间的对应关系， 在记忆的情况下似乎特别明显， 这不仅与实用主义的定义相反， 而且与通过连贯性的主义定义相反。

This illustrates a point which I am anxious to make clear from the outset. Any attempt to classify modern views, such as I propose to advocate, from the old standpoint of materialism and idealism, is only misleading.

这说明了我急于从一开始就阐明的一点。任何试图从旧的物主义和主义的立场来对现代观点进行分类的尝试，例如我提议提倡的，都只会产生误导。

Idealism, accordingly, says that nothing can be known except thoughts, and all the reality that we know is mental; while realism maintains that we know objects directly, in sensation certainly, and perhaps also in memory and thought.

因此，主义说，除了思想之外，没有什么是以知道的，我们所知道的所有现实都是精神的；而现实主义则认为我们直接认识物体，当然是通过感觉，也许还通过记忆和思想。

The grounds on which idealism is advocated are generally grounds derived from the theory of knowledge, that is to say, from a discussion of the conditions which things must satisfy in order that we may be able to know them.

提倡主义的基础通常是来自知识理论的基础，也就是说，来自对事物必须满足的条件的讨论，以便我们能够了解它们。

The same view of " consciousness" is set forth in the succeeding essay, " A World of Pure Experience" (ib., pp. 39-91). The use of the phrase " pure experience" in both essays points to a lingering influence of idealism.

在随后的文章“纯粹体验的世界”（同上，第 39-91 页）中提出了相同的“意识”观点。两篇文章中“纯粹经验”一词的使用都表明了挥之不去的主义影响。