Chronic bronchitis is actually lumped under the umbrella of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (or COPD), along with emphysema.

慢性支气肺气肿同属于慢性阻塞型肺疾病（COPD、慢阻肺）。

Treatment of chronic bronchitis largely involves reducing risk factors, like for example stopping smoking, but also managing associated illnesses.

慢性支气的治疗包括降低风险因，例如戒烟，还有治疗相关疾病症状。

Alright, so chronic bronchitis is a type of COPD that's diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, specifically coughing up a lot of mucus.

慢性支气是慢阻肺的一种，它的诊断基于临床现，特别是咳大量黏痰。

Another effect of unchecked inflammation in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is chronic bronchitis, resulting from increased mucus production and narrowing of the airways.

α-1抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症导致症失控的另一个后果是慢性支气，由黏液增多以及气道狭窄导致。

Lung diseases like chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma shrink the passageways that carry oxygen, while weakening the membrane that brings oxygen into the blood.

慢性支气、肺气肿和哮喘等肺部疾病会带氧气的通道，同时削弱将氧气带入血液的膜。

These two are different in that chronic bronchitis is defined by clinical features, like a productive cough, whereas emphysema is defined by structural changes —specifically enlargement of the air spaces.

区别于肺气肿，慢性支气有明显的临床特征，例如排痰性咳嗽，而肺气肿以结构改变为主，具体来说就是气腔的扩大。

Other risk factors for chronic bronchitis include exposure to air pollutants like sulfur and nitrogen dioxide, exposure to dust and silica, as well as genetic factors like having a family history of chronic bronchitis.

慢性支气的其他致病因素包括空气污染物，例如硫和二氧化氮、暴露于灰尘和硅土，当然还有遗传因素，例如有慢性支气的家族史。

And finally another consequence of mucus plugging in chronic bronchitis is that people can develop lung infections behind the mucus blockages in the airway, and these infections can worsen the pulmonary and cardiac symptoms.

慢性支气中黏液阻塞导致的另一个后果是患者气道中黏液阻塞的后方可能会产生肺部感染，这又会加重肺部心脏的症状。