Nineteenth-century agronomists rapidly divined that phylloxera had come from North America.

19世纪的农学家迅速推断称，根瘤蚜虫来自北美。

Blocking the action of this, they hoped, would phylloxera-proof all vines. But here the sequencing project produced a disappointment.

他们希望，阻止一行为可以防止所有的葡萄根瘤蚜虫。但基因排序项目的结果令人失望。

Rhizobia is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria up to 3 micrometers long and without it, that sort of agricultural production is impossible.

根瘤菌是一长达3微米的固氮菌，没有它，不可能实农业生产规模的。

From Britain, this theory went, phylloxera reached the European mainland via the south of France, the first place where it devastated vineyards.

该理论认为，根瘤蚜虫从英国经法国南部传入欧洲大陆。它首先是破坏了法国的葡萄园。

That could be valuable in parts of viticulture's New World, such as Australia, where vines remain ungrafted and phylloxera is still a problem.

在葡萄栽植新世界的部分地区可能很有价值，比如澳大利亚，在些地方，葡萄仍是非嫁接的，并且根瘤蚜虫仍是一个问题。

The work now begins of teasing out what each of those genes does, and, ultimately, how phylloxera manipulates a plant and adapts to a new host.

在的工作是弄清楚每个基因的作用是什么，以及根瘤蚜虫最终如何操控植物并适应新的宿主。