The distinctive taste comes from the amino acid glutamate.

这种独特的味来自氨基谷氨。

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要的兴奋性神经递质为谷氨。

Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors which tell the cell to open up calcium ions channels.

谷氨与NMDA受体结合，使细胞钙离子开。

To do that, they needed to test how the filopodia responded to glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter.

要做到这一点，他们需要测试树突丝对谷氨的反应，谷氨也就是大脑主要的兴奋性神经递质。

Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods.

谷氨盐是一种氨基，在所有蛋白质食物中可以找到。

This actually intensifies that umami sensation by up to 15 times compared with glutamate alone.

与单独使用谷氨盐相比，可以将这种鲜味增强 15 倍。

And, if the glutamic acid residues of gla-containing proteins are not carboxylated, calcium cannot be properly bound.

如果含谷氨残基蛋白没有被羧化，钙就不能被绑定。

Each glutamate receptor is made up of a handful of proteins.

每个谷氨受体都由少量蛋白质组成。

To this end, they poured a soup of " caged" glutamate over the neuron under examination.

为此，他们在想要测试的神经元上倾倒“被装起来”的谷氨。

First, they had to deliver a controlled flow of glutamate to the particular synapse they wanted to test.

首先，他们必须向想要测试的特定突触输送一定量的谷氨。

One theory is that it's an autoimmune reaction attacking the body's glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein.

一种理论认为这是一种攻击人体谷氨脱羧酶（GAD）蛋白的自身免疫反应。

Combined with the lack of glutamate, you begin to think very little but with great clarity.

加之缺少谷氨，你思考变少，但思绪更清晰。

Excess calcium has been implicated in helping along the toxicity that results from too much glutamate signaling.

过量的钙会加速谷氨信号过多导致的毒性。

Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同时，香槟也有游离的谷氨盐和核苷，但不足以产生协同增效作用。

GAD helps make gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which regulates motor neurons in the brain.

谷氨脱羧酶有助于制造γ-氨基丁（GABA），它调节大脑中的运动神经元。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA.

兴奋性神经元使用谷氨，抑制性神经元使用伽玛氨基丁。

When new information enters your brain, neurons start firing using existing stores of another neurotransmitter called glutamate.

当新的信息进入你的大脑时，神经元就开始利用另一种神经递质——谷氨酯进行激活。

They found that mature pyramidal-neuron protrusions generated electrical activity when exposed to glutamate, as expected.

他们发现，正如预期的那样，成熟的锥体神经元暴露在谷氨中时，其突起会产生电活动。

Turns out it suppresses glutamate transmission and enhances GABA transmission, so you get less excitation and more inhibition.

结果证明它可以抑制谷氨的传递并增强伽玛氨基丁的传递，因此兴奋波减少，抑制作用增强。

Around the time of Dr. Kwok's letter, it had been identified as an important part of our brain chemistry.

在郭医生发表信件的时代，谷氨被认为是大脑化学的重要组成部分。