Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods.

氨酸盐是一种氨基酸，在所有蛋白质食物找到。

This actually intensifies that umami sensation by up to 15 times compared with glutamate alone.

与单独使用氨酸盐相比，将这种鲜味增强 15 倍。

Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同时，香槟也有游离的氨酸盐和核苷酸，但不足产生协同增效作用。

Meanwhile, the brain adapts to chronic alcohol consumption by reducing GABA, dopamine, and endorphin transmission, and enhancing glutamate activity.

同时，大脑为了适应长期的酒精摄入，会降低氨基丁酸、多巴胺及内啡肽的传递水平，同时提升氨酸盐的活动。

It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect or taste glutamate because it is the amino acid which is most common in natural foods.

我们因该能发现或尝出氨酸盐因为氨酸盐就是未加工的食物常见的氨基酸。

But it wasn't until 1908 that the ingredient in kombu which was responsible for the improvement for flavour was actually discovered to be glutamate by scientists working there.

但是直到1908年，科学家才发现海带里面负责提味的成份是氨酸盐。

Well, Monosodium Glutamate contains seventy-eight point two per cent (78. 2%) glutamate twelve point two per cent (12. 2%) sodium and nine point six per cent (9. 6%) water.

味精富含78。2%的氨酸盐，12。2%的钠和9。6%的水。

Nicotine directly increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens, but it also increases glutamate levels which gets the ventral tegmentum neurons to release more dopamine onto the nucleus accumbens.

尼古丁直接提高伏隔核的多巴胺水平，但同时也提高氨酸盐水平，使腹侧被盖区释放更多的多巴胺至伏隔核。

Its mechanism of action is poorly understood, however, some of the speculated ones are that it prevents dopamine reuptake, facilitates presynaptic dopamine release, and blocks glutamate NMDA receptors.

然而，人们对其作用机制知之甚少，其一些推测是它能阻止多巴胺再摄取，促进突触前多巴胺释放，并阻断氨酸盐NMDA受体。

It does make perfect evolutionary sense that we should have the ability to detect or taste glutamate because it is the minor acid which is the most common in natural foods.

因为氨酸盐是在自然食物很常见的氨基酸，所我们能够发现并尝出它的味道，从进化的角度看，这是说得通的。

When these nucleotides get into the flytrap alongside glutamate, they stabilize its structure, making it close even harder and more securely, so an even stronger umami signal goes to your brain.

当这些核苷酸与氨酸盐一起进入捕蝇草受体时，它们会稳定其结构，使其更牢固、更安全地闭合，从而向你的大脑发出更强的鲜味信号。

But scientists have reason to believe that humans and mice handle glutamates differently -- and besides, anything can become toxic when you put enough of it in your body, even water.

但科学家们有理由相信，人类和小鼠对氨酸盐的处理方式不同——此外，当你将足够多的氨酸盐放入体内时，任何东西都会变得有毒，即使是水。

Similarly, while some studies reported that excess glutamate could lead to problems like Alzheimer's, these conditions were later found to be caused by internal glutamate imbalances, unrelated to the MSG we eat.

同样，虽然一些研究发现过量的氨酸能会引发阿兹海默症等疾病，但后来发现这些症状是由体内氨酸盐不平衡所导致的，与我们食用的味精没有关系。

Research suggests that beta-amyloid proteins that accumulate in the brain of Alzheimer's patients may cause abnormal rise in extrasynaptic glutamate levels by inhibiting glutamate uptake or triggering glutamate release from glial cells.

研究表明，在老年痴呆症患者的大脑积累的β淀粉样蛋白患者能通过抑制氨酸摄取导致突触外氨酸水平异常升高或者触发胶质细胞释放氨酸盐。

The magic starts when glutamate hits a part of the umami receptor on your tongue called the Venus flytrap domain, so named because it's shaped like a Venus flytrap, with two lobes around a hinge.

当氨酸盐击你舌头上称为捕蝇草域的一部分鲜味受体时，魔法就开始了，之所如此命名是因为它的形状像一个捕蝇草，在铰链周围有两个叶瓣。

In the central nervous system, nicotinic receptors are on pre-synaptic axon terminals of neurons, and when nicotine binds to them, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, which is why it's considered an acetylcholine agonist.

在枢系统，烟碱受体分布于突触前的轴突末端，当尼古丁与受体结合后，会触发多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、氨酸盐等递质的释放，因此尼古丁被认为是一种乙酰胆碱受体兴奋剂。