Computers used to be as big as a room. But now they fit in your pocket,

on your wrist and can even be implanted inside of your body.

How cool is that? And this has been enabled by the miniaturization of transistors,

which are the tiny switches in the circuits at the heart of our computers.

And it's been achieved through decades of development and breakthroughs in science and engineering

and of billions of dollars of investment. But it's given us vast amounts of computing,

huge amounts of memory and the digital revolution that we all experience and enjoy today.

But the bad news is, we're about to hit a digital roadblock,

as the rate of miniaturization of transistors is slowing down. And this is happening at exactly the same time

as our innovation in software is continuing relentlessly with artificial intelligence and big data.