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Unit01-b

desirable

a. worth having; be wished for
令人向往的;值得有的;合意的
It is most desirable that they should both come.
他们俩人都来最理想了。
Main Street is a very desirable location for a large department store.
主要街道是开设大型百货商店的理想地段。



fascinating

a. having great attraction or delight
有极大吸引力的,迷人的
The sight was so fascinating that I could not take my eyes off it.
景色如此迷人,我都无法移开视线。
The story of his adventures was fascinating to listen to.
听他讲他的冒险经历真有趣。



spite

n. in spite of: not being prevented by (sb./sth.); regardless of
(用于短语) 虽然;不顾,尽管
They went out in spite of the rain.
尽管下雨,他们还是外出了。
In spite of all of his efforts he failed.
尽管他作了种种努力,但还是失败了。
(U) desire to hurt, offend another person; ill will
恶意; 怨恨
I'm sure he only said it out of spite.
我相信他把那件事说出来完全是出于恶意。
He wrote that article from pure spite.
他写那篇文章纯粹是为了泄愤。



clash

vi. 1. disagree seriously (about sth.)
严重不一致,冲突
The couple clashed on the question of where to spend their holidays.
夫妻俩对上哪儿去度假意见不一致。
Richard clashed frequently with Goldsmith.
理查德经常和戈德史密斯发生冲突。
2. come together and fight
冲突,交锋,遭遇
They clashed with the police in the street.
他们在街上和警察发生了冲突。
The two armies clashed near the boundary this morning.
今晨两支军队在边境附近发生了交火。

n. 1.serious disagreement; arguing
严重不一致,争论
This is the first public clash between the two party leaders.
这是两位党的领导人之间的第一次公开冲突。
There is a clash of interests in this project.
在这个项目中存在着利益上的冲突。
2.violent contact; fight
抵触,冲突
The demonstration ended in a violent clash with the police.
示威游行到头来与警察发生了激烈的冲突。
There were violent clashes downtown.
在市中心发生了暴力冲突。



tradition

n. [U, C] beliefs or customs passed down from one generation to the next, esp. without writing, any long-established method, practice, etc.
传统,惯例
By tradition, people play jokes on April 1.
根据传统习俗,人们在四月一日相互捉弄和开玩笑。
They decided to break with tradition.
他们决定打破惯例。
It's a tradition to sing "Jingle Bells" at Christmas.
圣诞节唱《铃儿响叮当》是一种传统。



evidently

ad. obviously; it appears that
明显地
Evidently he has decided to leave.
显然他已决定离开了。
She should have been here two hours ago so she's evidently decided not to come after all.
她应该在两个小时前就到这儿了,所以很明显,她终究还是决定不来了。



excitement

n. 1.[U] state of strong emotional reaction or feeling, esp. one caused by sth. pleasant
兴奋,激动,刺激(尤指令人愉快的事引起的)
The news caused great excitement.
那个消息使人特别兴奋。
He enjoys the excitement of travel.
他喜欢感受旅行时的兴奋。
2.[C]a thing that excites; exciting event
令人兴奋的事,使人激动的事件
Life will seem very quiet after the excitements of the holiday.
假日的兴奋过后,生活将会显得很平静。
He kept calm among all this excitement.
他在这令人激动的事件中保持着冷静。



marvelous(英marvellous)

a. surprising; outstanding; wonderful
惊奇的,奇妙的,不可思议的
It's marvelous how he's managed to climb that far.
他竟然能爬那么远,真是不可思议。
The performance is simply marvelous.
演出精彩极了!



amuse

vt. 1.make (sb.) laugh or smile
逗... ...乐(笑)
Everyone was amused at the story about the dog.
大家都被那只狗的故事逗笑了。
She amused the children with tricks.
她玩一些小把戏来逗孩子们快乐。
2. Make time pass pleasantly for (sb.)
给... ... 娱乐(消遣);以... ...自娱
He reads the books only because it amuses him.
他读书只是因为那给他带来乐趣。



amusement

n. 1.[C] thing that makes time pass pleasantly
娱乐(消遣)活动,娱乐品,娱乐场所
The hotel offers its guests a wide variety of amusements.
这家旅馆为客人们提供各式各样的娱乐活动。
Outdoor amusement will relax you after a day's work in office.
在办公室里呆了一整天之后,户外娱乐活动可使你得到放松。
2.[U] state of being amused
娱乐,快乐
She could not cover her amusement at his mistake.
对他的错误,她禁不住觉得好笑。
To everybody's amusement, the actor fell off the stage.
那个演员从舞台上掉了下来,大家都感到好笑。



ending

n. [C] end, esp. of a story, film or word
(尤指故事、影片、戏剧)结局,结尾
a story with a happy ending
一个结局幸福美满的故事
People want to be entertained; they want love stories with happy endings.
人们希望能享受快乐;他们喜欢结局美满的爱情故事。



hostile

a. 1.showing strong hate or objecting to; very unfriendly
怀有敌意的,敌对的
She found his attitude to her obviously hostile.
她发现他对自己的态度明显地怀有敌意。
She gave him a hostile look.
她怀有敌意地看了他一眼。
2.of an enemy
敌方的
a hostile army
敌军



hostility

n. 1.[U] being hostile (to sb./sth.)
敌意,敌对,敌视
There is now open hostility between the two leaders.
两位领导人之间的敌意已经公开化了。
Their friendship is regarded with hostility.
人们用敌意的眼光注视着他们间的友谊。
2.[U] being against
抵制,反对
His ideas met with some hostility.
他的意见遭到了一些反对。
His hostility to your plan is well-known.
他反对你的计划是众所周知的。
3.(pl.)acts of war; fighting
战争,战斗
Hostilities broke out between Germany and France in 1939.
德法之间于1939年爆发了战争。
The enemy suggested stopping hostilities for 24 hours.
敌方建议停火24小时。



moreover

ad. (used to introduce sth. new that adds to or supports the previous statement) further; as well; in addition
再有,此外,而且
I don't want to go skating; moreover, the ice is too thin.
我不想去滑冰;再说,冰也太薄了。
The idea was not good; moreover, it would have been too expensive.
这个建议不太好,而且实施起来花费也太大。



distress

n. 1. [U] (cause of) great pain, sadness, suffering, etc.
痛苦,苦恼,忧伤(的原因)
Her death was a great distress to all the family.
她的去世使全家人感到万分悲痛。
Two in distress makes sorrow less.
同病相怜。
His distress was shared by all his friends.
他的朋友们都帮他分担忧愁。
2. [U] suffering (caused by lack of money, food, etc.)
(缺钱、缺食物造成的)穷苦,贫困
He spent his money in reducing distress among the poor.
他疏财济贫。
3. [U] a state of being in danger or difficulty and requiring help
危险,危难
an airplane in distress
遇险的飞机
a distress flag
危险信号旗

vt. cause distress to (sb./sth.)
使痛苦,使悲痛,使忧伤,使贫困
Please don't distress yourself.
请别忧伤。
I was most distressed to hear the sad news of your father's death.
听到你父亲去世的噩耗我非常难过。



devise

vt. think out (a plan, tool, etc.)
想出(计划),发明(设备、工具)
The teacher has devised a new method of teaching foreign languages.
那位老师发明了一种教授外语的新方法。
He devised a plan for getting the jewels out of the country.
他想出了一个把珠宝运出国的计划。



mechanism

n. [C]【心】心理机制,机理
Her offensive way is just a defense mechanism.
她的粗鲁不过是出于防卫心理。
[C] method or steps for getting things done
手法,技巧,途径
There is no mechanism for changing the decision.
这决定是不能改变的。
The mechanism for collecting taxes needs improving.
收税制度需要改进。
[C] working parts of a machine, etc.
机械装置,机件
Something is wrong with the mechanism of our radio.
我们收音机的装置出毛病了。
They are developing a new turning mechanism for the device.
他们正在研制这一设备的新的旋转装置。



cope

vi. (with)manage successfully; be able to deal with sth. difficult
(成功地)应付,能对付
There was too much work for our computer to cope with.
工作太多,我们的计算机难以应付。
School communities have to cope with changing numbers of pupils.
学校体制必须能适应学生人数的变化。



repression

n. 1. [U]control or preventing
【心】压抑(把本能的欲望和冲动,尤与一般公认的行为标准相冲突的,压抑于潜意识中),压抑作用,压抑机制
The repression of one's true feelings is wrong.
抑制自己的真实情感是不对的。
He felt that much unhappiness was because of repression.
他感到许多的不快都是由压抑引起的。
2. [U] cruel and severe control
镇压,抑制
The political repression in this country is imposed by severe fear.
这个国家的政治镇压是通过恐怖行动来实施的。



regression

n. [U] return to a former state
【心】 回归,倒退(指当个人追求的愿望得不到满足或受严重挫折时,即以与其年龄不相称的发展早期的某些原始的幼稚行为来适应当前,由意识状态倒退到无意识状态的一种变态心理现象。)



isolate

vt. put or keep sb./sth. entirely apart from other people or things; separate sb./sth.
使孤立,使隔绝,使隔离
Several villages have been isolated by heavy snowfalls.
因为下了大雪有几个村庄与外界断绝了联系。
The patients were soon isolated.
病人被立即隔离。



isolation

n. [U] isolating or being isolated
隔离,孤立,分解,分离
They live in complete isolation in a mountain.
他们在一座山里过着完全与世隔绝的生活。
fight in isolation
孤军奋战



avoid

vt. keep oneself away from sb./sth.
避开,逃避
He's been avoiding me since our quarrel.
自从我们上次吵嘴后,他一直躲着我。
The old man avoided his neighbors' eyes.
那个老人躲避着邻居的目光。
stop sth. happening; prevent
避免,防止
I just avoided running over the cat.
我的车险些轧着那只猫。
You must avoid giving any unnecessary information.
你应该尽量不要提供不必要的信息。



reject

vt. 1. refuse to accept (sb./sth.)
拒绝,不接受
She rejected his offer of marriage.
她拒绝了他的求婚。
He was rejected for the army because of his poor sight.
他由于视力差而未被接受入伍。
2. throw (sth.) away as not to be used, chosen, done, etc.
抛弃,丢弃
Damaged products were rejected by our quality control.
受损的产品经检验不合格而报废。
It was hard for me to reject my beliefs.
要我放弃自己的信仰是困难的。

n. [C] rejected person or thing
被弃或被拒的人或物
This TV is cheap, because it's a reject.
这台电视机很便宜,因为是等外品。
a society's reject
社会弃儿



rejection

n. [U, C] rejecting or being rejected
拒绝,被拒,抛弃,被弃
The company's rejection made him disappointed.
公司的回绝令他很失望。
I've applied for ten jobs, but all I've got back is rejections.
我申请了10份工作,但都被回绝了。



helpful

a. giving help; useful
有帮助的;有益的
He's always very helpful to his mother.
他对他母亲总是很有帮助。
a helpful friend
益友



recognition

n. 1.[U] the state of being accepted as legal, real, or valuable
承认,认可
Some artists gain recognition after death.
有些艺术家死后才得到认可。
The new government has not yet received recognition from other countries.
新政府尚未获得其他国家的承认。
2.[U] the fact of knowing sb. or sth.
认出,认识
She hoped she would avoid recognition by wearing dark glasses and a hat.
她戴上墨镜和帽子,希望这样就不会被人认出来。
I said hello to him but he showed no recognition.
我跟他打招呼,但他没有认出我。
3.[U] reward or honor
酬谢; 赏识,表彰
They gave the boy a medal in recognition of his courage.
他们授给这男孩一枚勋章,以表彰他的勇敢精神。



recovery

n. 1. (sing. ) [U] return to a normal state
恢复,复原,痊愈
He's now well on the way to recovery.
他在顺利地康复。
He's past recovery.
他已全无康复的希望。
2. [U] getting back
寻回,追回,收复
the recovery of stolen goods
赃物的追回
the recovery of a fallen city
失陷城市的收复



comprehension

n. 1.[U] (power of) understanding
理解(力),领悟
This will develop his comprehension.
这将会培养他的理解能力。
She had no comprehension of her husband's problems.
她丝毫不理解她丈夫的问题。
2. [U, C] exercise aimed at improving or testing one's understanding (written or spoken)
(书面或口头)理解力练习,理解力测验
We are going to do a listening comprehension.
我们打算做听力理解练习。



favorable (英favourable)

a. 1.helpful; suitable
有帮助的,适宜的
favorable winds
顺风
The position of his shop is favorable to business.
他的商店所处位置有利于生意。
2.giving or showing agreement
赞同的
It's encouraging to receive a favorable report on one's work.
收到一份对自己工作表示赞同的报告,是令人鼓舞的。
We found that most people were favorable to the idea.
我们发现大多数人都赞成这个意见。



symptom

n. 1.[C] change in the body that shows an illness
症候,症状
The symptoms don't appear until a few days later.
症状要到几天后才会出现。
All the symptoms point to a cold.
所有的症状都表明是感冒。
2. [C] sign of the existence of sth. wrong
(坏事物存在的)迹象,征兆,征候
He recognizes the symptoms, but refuses to admit that he has made a mistake.
他承认这些迹象,但不愿承认自己是犯了错误。
The Government must not ignore these symptoms of present economic problems.
政府不应忽视这些现存经济问题的征候。



distinction

n. 1. [C] special element, special or unique quality
个性,特征
He had the distinction of being the first man to walk on the moon.
他作为月球上行走第一人而闻名于世。
2. [C, U] a difference or contrast between one person / thing and another
区分,区别
There is no obvious distinction between the twins.
那对孪生儿之间没有明显的差异。
There's a clear distinction between the forms of speech in the two regions.
两地的方言有明显的差异。
3.[U] a quality of excellence
卓著,盛名
a dancer of distinction
凤毛麟角的舞蹈家



appreciate

vt. 1.understand and enjoy (sth.); value highly
欣赏,赏识
You can't fully appreciate Shakespeare in translation.
你无法通过翻译去充分欣赏莎士比亚的作品。
2.understand (sth.) with sympathy
理解,意识到,懂得
I appreciate your problem, but I don't think I can help you.
我理解你的问题,但我想我无法帮助你。
You don't seem to appreciate how busy I am.
你似乎不了解我有多忙。

vi. increase in value
增值,涨价
Local rice has appreciated since the flood.
自从发洪水以来,当地的米价上涨了。
Our house has appreciated by 50% in the last two years.
在过去两年中我们的房子增值了50%。



acquisition

n. 1.[U] action of gaining
获得,得到
He spent hundreds of hours in the acquisition of skill at playing the piano.
他花了数百小时掌握弹钢琴的技巧。
The children progressed in the acquisition of basic skills.
孩子们在掌握基本技巧方面取得了进步。
2. [C] thing gained, esp. sth. useful
获得物(尤指有用的东西),添加物
This dictionary is my most recent acquisition.
这本词典是我最近添置的东西。
She will be quite an acquisition to the club.
她将成为这个俱乐部不可多得的新成员。



alleviate

vt. make sth. less serious; ease
减轻;缓和
They alleviated the tiring waiting by singing songs.
他们用唱歌来消除由于等待带来的烦躁。
We want to help alleviate their lack of food.
我们想帮助他们缓解粮食短缺的状况。



furthermore

ad. in addition; moreover
此外,还有
The house is too small, and, furthermore, it's too far from the city.
房子太小,而且离城市太远。
I don't know what happened to Rupert Ford and, furthermore, I don't care.
我不知道鲁珀特·福特碰到了什么事,而且我也不关心。



adjust to

become or make suited (to new conditions)
使适应(新环境),适应
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.
人体能很快地自行调节以适应气温的变化。
I can't adjust to living on my own.
我无法适应独立生活。



be familiar to

well known to; often seen or heard
为... ... 所熟悉的,常见(听)到的
The facts are familiar to every schoolboy.
这些事实是每个小学生都熟悉的。
The house looked strangely familiar to her.
奇怪的是这座房子在她看来似曾相识。



culture shock

confusion caused by contact with a culture other than one's own
文化冲击,文化震撼(在陌生的文化环境中不知所措)
It was a real culture shock to find herself in London after living on a small island.
在一个小岛上生活过后来到伦敦,她着实感受到了一种文化冲击。



in the stage

in a part of activity or a period of development
在... ... 阶段,在... ...时期
The project is in its final stage and should be completed by August.
这个项目已进行到最后阶段,必须在8月前完成。
The French runner is in the lead in the first stage of the race.
这位法国选手在赛跑的第一阶段处于领先优势。



be tired of

be impatient or fed up with sb./sth.
讨厌,不耐烦,厌烦
I'm tired of your negative comments.
你的批评我已经听烦了。
When you're tired of one dress, change to another.
如果你一件衣服穿腻了,可以换一件。



separate from

(cause things or people to) divide
使分离,分开
This patient should be separated from the others.
这个病人应该与其他患者隔离。
In some way, in the rush to get out of the building I got separated from my mother.
急急忙忙冲出大楼的时候,不知怎么我和妈妈分开了。



prevent from

stop (sb. or sth.) from (doing sth.)
阻止,防止
Nobody can prevent us from getting married.
任何人也阻止不了我们结婚。
His broken leg prevented him from walking.
他的断腿使他不能走路。



deal with

take action on; manage
处理,对付
How do you plan to deal with this problem?
你准备怎么处理这个问题?
General questions are dealt with by our head office.
一般问题由我们总部来处理。



come to

reach a certain state
达到某状态
The two brothers quickly came to blows during their quarrel.
这俩兄弟互相争吵,很快就变成了拳脚相加。
This happy state must not be allowed to come to an end.
这种愉快的状况,必须继续保持下去。



recover from

return to a normal state from
从... ... 恢复到正常状态
He's now fully recovered from the shock.
他现在已完全从震惊中恢复了过来。
He never really recovered from the sadness of his wife dying.
他从未真正从丧妻的悲伤中恢复过来。



go through

experience; finish certain stages
通过;完成(某阶段)
Has the new law gone through all its stages yet?
新的法律通过了各个阶段的程序没有?
Tom's book has gone through three printings.
汤姆的书已经印刷了三次。




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