Volcanoes 101 | National Geographic

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南太平洋岛国汤加的洪阿哈阿帕伊岛海底火山引发“史诗级”喷发搅动了半个地球,多国发布了海啸警报,引起大家的广泛关注。火山一种常见的自然地貌形态,在全世界大约有1500座活火山。火山的类型特点各有不同,火山喷发时会有什么变化,以及世界上最具破坏性的火山是在哪里呢?

Portals into the heart of the earth they burn.

Bottomless cauldrons fueled by an ancient wrath bubbling and boiling thousands of miles beneath the surface and just waiting to burst through.

Volcanoes are scattered across the planet.

About 1500 active volcanoes can be found across the world though countless others are on the ocean floor.

Most volcanoes whether on land or underwater are located where tectonic plates meet.

In fact, the Ring of Fire, a path that traces the boundaries between several tectonic plates around the Pacific Ocean, contains about 75 percent of the planet's volcanoes.

There are several types of volcanoes primarily classified by shape and size.

Major types include stratovolcanoes which often appear as tall steep mountains, shield volcanoes which are flatter and dome-shaped, calderas which are large depressions in the ground and mid-ocean ridges which are underwater chains of volcanic mountains.

No matter their shape or size, all volcanoes emit gas and molten rock.

The journey of these emissions begins deep underground in the earth's core.

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