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Unit02-b

vacant

a. 1. not filled or occupied; empty
未被占用的,空着的
The hospital has no vacant beds.
那家医院没有空床位了。
There are several vacant plots in the area available for building on.
那个地区还有好几块地皮可以用来造房子。
2. (position or post) unfilled
(职位、工作等)空缺的
Today there are thought to be about 100 full-time posts vacant.
今天据称大约有100个全日工作岗位空缺。
The top post in the company was still vacant.
公司的最高职位仍旧空着。
3. showing no interest or activity
茫然的,空虚的
She has a vacant look on her face.
她的脸上是一片茫然的神色。
His mind seemed completely vacant.
他的脑子里似乎一片空白。



rare

a. 1. not often happening or seen, etc.; not common
稀有的,罕见的;冷僻的
It's rare to find these birds in England, but there is a small population of them in the north-west.
在英格兰很少发现这些鸟类,但在西北部有一小群。
It is rare for her to arrive late.
她极少迟到。
2. not common and as a result sometimes valuable
稀罕的,珍奇的
a book of rare value
珍本书
The museum is full of rare and precious treasures.
博物馆里到处是稀有珍宝。



option

n. 1. [C] thing that is or may be chosen; choice
供选择的事物,可选择的事物;选择
Make a list of the various options.
把各种选择列一张表出来。
There weren't many options open to him.
对他来说,没有多少选择的余地。
2. [U] power or freedom of choosing; choice
选择权,选择自由,选择
I have little option but to go.
我没有选择,只能走。
They didn't leave him much option: either he paid or they'd beat him up.
他们没有留给他多少选择的余地 :要么他付钱,要么他们痛打他一顿。



enormous

a. very large
巨大的,庞大的,极大的
He earns enormous pay, so he can live in an enormous house and drive an enormous car.
他工资很高,所以他住大房子,开大车。
It gives me enormous pleasure to welcome Professor Hall.
欢迎霍尔教授使我极感愉快。



private

a. 1. of, belonging to or for the use of one particular person or group only; personal
私人的,个人的,私用的,私有的
She never spoke about her past or her private life.
她从未谈起过她的过去或她的私生活。
All rooms have got private bath, shower and WC.
所有的房间都有独用的浴缸、淋浴和卫生间。
2. not to be told to others; secret
秘密的,私下的
I'm not going to tell you about it; it's private.
我不想告诉你这件事,它是秘密。
This letter is strictly private.
这封信是绝密的。
3. of, belonging to or run by an individual or a self-governed company rather than the State; not state-controlled
私营的,私立的,非国家控制的
a private school
私立学校
Banks should be supporting small, private businesses.
银行应该支持小型私营企业。



ownership

n. [U] state of being an owner; (right of) possession
物主身份,拥有(权)
The restaurant is under new ownership.
这家饭店已换了新主人。
The ownership of the land was transferred to John Smith.
那块土地的所有权转让给了约翰·史密斯。



literally

ad. in a way that follows exactly the original; exactly
照字义,逐字地,真正地
When he said he never wanted to see you again I'm sure he didn't mean it literally.
当他说他再也不想见你时,我肯定他并不真的是那个意思。
Idioms usually cannot be translated literally in another language.
成语通常不能用另一种语言逐字翻译。



urban

a. of, located in or living in a city or town
都市的,位于都市的,住在都市的
the urban population
城镇人口
He prefers country life to urban life.
他喜欢乡村生活而不喜欢城市生活。



pave

vt. cover (a surface) with flat stones or bricks or tar
给(道路路面)铺上石板或砖
One lane is closed while the workers are paving the road.
路上的一条车道在工人铺路期间关闭了。
The country boys thought the streets of London were paved with gold.
乡村青年以为伦敦遍地是黄金。



mud

n. [U] soft wet earth
湿泥,泥
The rain turned dust into mud.
雨把灰尘变成了湿泥。
My shoes were covered with mud.
我的鞋上沾满了泥。



childhood

n. [C, U] condition or period of being a child
童年时期,孩提时代
She had an unhappy childhood.
她的童年不幸福。
She had loved Shakespeare since childhood.
她从童年时起就爱读莎士比亚的作品。



bulb

n. 1.[C] 长在土里的植物球茎(如百合、洋葱、郁金香等植物)
2. [C]电灯泡
a light bulb
灯泡



container

n. [C] box, bottle, etc. in which sth. is kept, transported, etc.
容器(箱、瓶等)
an unbreakable container
一只打不碎的容器
She kept the buttons in an old ice-cream container.
她把纽扣放在一个旧冰淇淋盒里。



amateur

a. taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job, or (of an activity) done for pleasure, not as a job
业余的,非专业的
Lawton was an amateur singer until the age of 40, when he turned professional.
劳顿本是个业余歌手,直到40岁才成为专业歌手。
My sister is an amateur photographer.
我的妹妹是一个业余摄影师。

n. [C] person who practices a sport or arts skill without receiving money for it
(指不为赚钱而从事体育或艺术的)业余爱好者
Although he's only an amateur he's a first class player.
虽然他只个是业余爱好者,可他却是个一流的选手。
The sports meeting is open to both amateurs and professionals.
这场运动会业余爱好者与专业选手都可以参加。



gardener

n. [C] person who works in a garden, either for pay or as a hobby
(因爱好或挣钱) 在花园从事劳动的人,园丁
I'm not much of a gardener.
我不很擅长园艺。
Our new garden is so big that we have had to hire a gardener.
我们的新花园很大,因此我们必须雇一个园艺工。



pea

n. [C] 豌豆,豌豆属植物
pea soup
豌豆汤
pea green
青豆色,嫩绿色



salad

n. 1. [U] 适于生吃的莴笋、莴苣或其他蔬菜
2. [C, U] 沙拉(凉拌菜),生菜



costly

a. costing much; expensive
昂贵的,代价高的
It would be too costly to repair the car.
这辆汽车修理起来费用太高了。
Our holiday in Australia was very costly.
我们在澳大利亚度假开销很大。



ditch

n. [C] narrow water course dug at the edge of a field, road, etc., esp. to hold or carry off water
(在田边、路边挖的,尤指用来储水或排水的)沟,渠道



lorry

n. [C] 卡车
an army lorry
军用卡车
a lorry driver
卡车司机



erect

vt. 1. build, set up; establish
建造,建立,竖立
They plan to erect an office building there.
他们打算在那儿建造一幢办公大楼。
I don't want to see a network like that erected.
我不希望看到那种网状系统被建立起来。
2. set straight up; put up
树立,直立
The pole was erected on a firm base.
这根杆子竖立在坚固的基座上。
They erected a television antenna on the roof.
他们在屋顶上架起了电视天线。

a. standing on end
竖直的,挺直的,直立的
stand erect
直立
He's very tall and erect for his 78 years.
他虽然已 78岁了,但依然个头高挺,腰杆笔直。



mister

n. (略作Mr. 全称很少用于书面)先生



vice

a. acting instead of
代理的,副的
vice president
副总统,副社长,副会长
Geraldine Ferraro tried to become the first woman Vice President of the US, but did not succeed.
杰拉尔丁.范拉露想成为美国第一位女性副总统, 但没成功。



nineteen

num. 十九,十九个
Simpson, aged nineteen, was put into the prison.
19岁的辛普森被送进了监狱。
A group of students were caught in the cave for nineteen hours.
一群学生被困在洞中19小时。



conservation

n. [U] prevention of loss, waste, damage, destroying, etc.
保护,保存, 节省
wildlife conservation
野生动物保护
As well as helping the environment, energy conservation reduces your fuel bills.
节省能源不但有利于环境,还能减少你的燃料支出。



trail

n. 1. [C] path, esp. through country
小道,崎岖小路
a trail through the forest
穿过森林的崎岖小路
Keep to the trail; if you leave it, you'll get lost.
沿着这条小路走;假如偏离它,你就会迷路的。
2. [C] mark or sign in the form of a long line left by sth. or sb. passing by
踪迹,痕迹
The hunters followed the tiger's trail.
猎人们跟踪追捕老虎。
Finally, we lost the trail.
我们最终失去了线索。

v. 1. drag; be dragged along behind
拖,拉,下垂
Her skirt was trailing along in the mud.
她的长裙在泥里拖地向前。
The tablecloth trails on the floor.
台布垂到地板上。
2. fall behind
(在比赛中)落后,失利
They trailed by two goals to one at half-time.
他们上半场以二比一落后。
The Japanese team are trailing by 6 points.
日本队输了6分。

vt. follow the trail of; track
追踪,尾随
The police trailed the criminal to his hiding-place.
警察跟踪到罪犯的躲藏处。
Hunters can trail wild animals through the forest.
猎人能在森林里跟踪野生动物。



characterize (英characterise)

vt. 1. be common to (sb./sth.)
成为... ...的特征,以... ...为特征
Bright colors characterize his early paintings.
色彩明亮是他早期绘画的特点。
The education approach there is characterized by an emphasis on success in exams.
重视考试是那里的教育制度的特点。
2. describe … by stating its main qualities
描绘(人或物的)特征,归纳(人或物的)特征
The story characterizes the wolf as a tricky and cruel animal.
这个故事把狼描绘成一种狡猾和残酷的野兽。
In her novel, she characterizes the whole year as a period of changes.
在她的小说中,她将这一年度归纳为一个充满变化的时期。



housing

n. 1. [U] houses, flats, etc.
住宅或公寓,住宿(集合名词)
poor housing conditions
很差的居住条件
The government has promised to provide cheap housing for poor people.
政府许诺为穷人提供价廉的住房。
2. [U] providing houses or flats for people
提供住宿,住房供给
the city's housing policy
城市的住房政策
The housing of the new citizens was very efficiently done.
向新来的居民们提供住房的工作是很有成效的。



recreation

n. [C, U] (means of) entertaining oneself after work; relaxation
休养,娱乐,消遣,精神放松
My favorite recreation is singing.
我最喜欢的娱乐是唱歌。
I climb mountains for recreation.
我爬山是为了消遣。



acre

n. 英亩(=4,840平方码或约4,047平方米)



canal

n. [C] a long water way cut through land for boats or ships to travel along, or to carry water from one place to another
运河,沟渠
the Suez Canal
苏伊士运河
In Britain nowadays, canals are used mainly for pleasure, by people traveling in long, narrow boats.
在现今的英国,运河主要用于娱乐,人们乘着长而窄的船沿河游览。



excursion

n. [C] short journey for pleasure
短途旅行,远足
Next week we are going on a day excursion to the mountains.
下个星期我们打算作一次登山一日游。
An optional excursion has been organized for every day of your holiday to a nearby place of interest.
你们假期的每一天都组织有到附近某个景点去的自愿远足活动。



comparable

a. 1. similar, that can be compared, equal to
相似的,同类的
A comparable car would be much cheaper out of the country.
一辆类似的汽车在国外要便宜多了。
This method is implemented to ensure that people doing comparable jobs receive comparable rates of pay.
实施这个制度是要确保实现同工同酬。
2. meriting being compared
可比的,比得上的
The profits of these two companies are not comparable with each other.
这两个公司的利润相互之间没有可比性。
His poems are by no means comparable to Shelley's.
他写的诗无法与雪莱相比。



strip

n. [C] long narrow piece (of material, etc.) or area (of land, etc.)
狭长的一块(材料)或一片(土地)
a strip of paper
一张纸片
We lost thousands of soldiers in the war and all we got was this narrow strip of land in return.
我们在战争中失去了数千名士兵,可得到的却只是一块狭窄的土地。

vi. take off one's clothes
脱去衣服
The doctor asked the patient to strip.
医生让病人脱去衣服。
Suddenly he stripped and ran into the sea.
他突然脱光衣服跳入海中。

vt. 1. take off (clothes, parts, etc.) from sb./sth.
剥去,揭去,除去(衣服、遮蔽物、某部分)
The paint will be difficult to strip off.
这层漆面很难除去。
She asked us to strip the sheets off the bed and bring them downstairs when we leave.
她叫我们离开时把床上的床单取下,送到楼下去。
2. take away (money, honors, etc.) from sb.
剥夺... ...的(钱财、荣誉等)
When the athlete was found to have taken drugs, he was stripped of his gold medal.
一旦获得金牌的运动员被发现了服用违禁药物,他的冠军头衔立即被取消。
Human rights have been stripped away.
人权已被剥夺。



summit

n. 1. [C] highest point; top, esp. of a mountain
最高点,(尤指山的)顶,绝顶
From the mountain camp they reached the summit in six hours.
他们从登山营地用6个小时登上顶峰。
He is now at the summit of his career.
他目前正值事业的顶峰时期。
2. [C] meeting between the heads of two or more governments, esp. of the world's most powerful countries
两国或两国以上(尤指世界上最强的国家)政府首脑的最高级会谈
the summit powers
参加最高级会议的大国
We met at the summit in Geneva.
我们是在日内瓦最高级会议上相识的。



plot

n. 1. [C]small marked or measured piece of land, esp. for a special purpose
(尤指用于某特定目的) 小块土地, 小块地皮
a building plot
建筑用地
There are several plots of land for sale.
有好几块地皮供出售。
2. [C] (plan or sketch of the) events in the story of a play or novel
(戏剧或小说的故事)情节
The plot was too mixed up for me; I couldn't follow it.
这情节对我来说太复杂了, 我看不明白。
She began to tell me the plot in great detail.
她开始向我详细讲述那个情节。
3. [C] secret plan made by several people to do sth.
秘密计划,阴谋
The plot was discovered in time.
阴谋被及时发现。
The plot against the government was discovered before it was carried out.
推翻政府的阴谋在实施前就被发现了。

v. make a secret plan (to do sth.); plan (sth.) with others
密谋,计划
The army is plotting the takeover of the government.
军队密谋推翻政府。
I can't believe that he's plotting against his own father.
我不敢相信他计划反对他的父亲。



civilian

n. [C] person not serving in the armed forces or the police force
平民
Two soldiers and one civilian were killed in the explosion.
在爆炸中有两名士兵和一名平民丧生。
He left the army and returned to civilian life.
他离开军队重返平民生活。



open field

field which is not covered with trees, etc.
旷野
It isn't a very good idea to camp in the middle of an open field.
在旷野中宿营不是一个好主意。



in fact

in truth; really
事实上,实际上
For eight years she was in fact living in the countryside.
事实上,八年来她是住在乡下。
No, I don't work. In fact, I've never had a job.
不,我没有在工作。事实上,我从未获得过工作。



on top of

over or above
在... ...之上
Put this record on top of the others.
将这一记录置于其他记录之上。
Put the letter on top of that pile of books, where it can be seen easily.
把这封信放在那堆书上面,这样容易被看到。



work on

Give one's attention to doing or trying to do
致力于
He is working on a new novel.
他正在写一部新小说。
You will have to work on the weak points in your English if you want to pass the examination.
假如你想通过考试,就得努力攻克你英语方面的薄弱环节。



power line

【电】电力线,输电线,电源线



coordinate one's efforts to

work together efficiently
齐心协力
We must coordinate our efforts to help the poor.
我们必须齐心协力去帮助穷人。
A number of societies are coordinating their efforts to send out food to the area worst affected by the flood.
许多社会组织都在协力往受水灾最严重的地区运送食物。



clean up

make a place clean by removing the dirt
清扫,收拾,清理
The workers cleaned up before they left.
工人们把一切收拾得整整齐齐之后才走。
This room needs cleaning up.
这个房间需要彻底打扫了。



up to

reach a certain number or amount
多达,直到
I can take up to four people in my car.
我的车最多能带4个人。
Research suggests that up to two thousand people have taken this drug.
研究表明多达两千人已经服用了这种药物。



for instance

as an example; for example
例如
Several of his friends came: Ben, Carol and Mike, for instance.
他的几个朋友来了,例如,本、卡罗尔和迈克。
In this coal industry, for instance, 5000 jobs are being lost.
举例说,煤矿行业将会失去5000个工作岗位。



wash away

(of water) remove or carry sb./sth. away to another place
(指水)洗掉,冲走
The banks are being slowly washed away by the sea.
海岸正逐渐被海水冲蚀。
Floods have washed away several villages in India.
在印度洪水冲走了好几个村庄。



lead into

(of a road, etc.) provide a way (for sb.) to enter ( a place)
通往,通向
This path leads halfway into the forest and then srops.
这条小路通到森林的中部就断了。



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