And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up.

学者们从头至尾地研究历史还近三十年的事情。

And, if nanotechnology progresses as expected, as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms, then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up.

如果纳米技术能够像预想中那样，以一种90个原子组成的构件组合发展的话，我们就可以彻底任何想要的东西。

If you really look at history in China, a lot of top down plans always have some bottom up support.

纵观中国历史，很多自上而下的规划总能获得自下而上的支持。

You create from the bottom up an incentive because of short time frames.

因为时间很短，你会自下而上地创一种激励。

That's why some stadiums have opted for bottoms up beer taps like this.

这就为什么一些体育场馆会选择像这样的自下而上的啤酒龙头。

You hold your glass up, you say Ganbei, which means bottoms up and it's a way of giving face to people.

举起酒，说着“干”接着就一饮而尽，“干”的意思把酒喝得一滴不剩，这样做给人面子的意思。

The boat flirted over and snubbed in to the bank bottom up, while Thornton, flung sheer out of it, was carried down-stream toward the worst part of the rapids, a stretch of wild water in which no swimmer could live.

船绕过去了，而且顺流而下，但被汉斯用绳子猛的一刹，船给弄翻了，底朝天地冲到岸边。桑顿掉在水里，激流把他卷到了最危险的地方，漩涡连连，进去就性命全无。

This piece here in particular. She is hand built from the bottom up and I use a coil technique.And of course I dig up my clay and I start from the bottom, I coil, and I keep coiling.

这个作品，完完全全手工制作，我使用了线圈技术。挖黏土，从底部开始绕圈，一直做到上面。

Finally, the signal disperses out into Purkinje fibers, which trigger depolarization in all surrounding cells, causing the ventricles to contract from the bottom up like toothpaste tubes, at which point the whole cycle starts all over again.

最后，信号分散到浦肯野纤维中，触发周围所有细胞的去极化，导致心室像牙膏管一样自下而上收缩，此时整个循环重新开始。

By estimating the reskilling challenge of each of the 6.5 million workers that move jobs in our scenario, researchers build, from the bottom up, a rich picture of the strategic challenges facing the 2027 labor market.

在设想中，650万人会更换工作，遭遇再培训挑战。 研究人员对此进行评估，从下至上勾勒了一幅完整图景，描绘劳动力市场在2027年将面临的战略挑战。

Instead of relying on top-down reports, they worked from the bottom up, looking at the entire planet from space and counting how many solar panels they could see.

他们不依赖于自上而下的报告，而自下而上地工作，从太空观察整个星球，并计算他们能看到多少太阳能电池板。

For example, ships sailing over the horizon seem to disappear from the bottom up, as you'd expect as they slip around the Earth's curve.

例如，在地平线上航行的船只似乎会从底部向上消失，正如你所预料的那样，它们沿着地球曲线航行。

" Ganbei" is used as " cheers, " and literally translates to " bottoms up" and is used to encourage friends to drink up.

“Ganbei”“cheers”的意思，直译过来就“干”，用来鼓励朋友们喝个痛快。

This is " bottom up" . There is also a characteristic style of communication in Japan that is different from the Western way.

此谓“由下而上”。日本特有的交流方式也与西方的不同。

These NGOs are grassroots organisations meaning that they are run from the bottom up, by ordinary people rather than leaders.

这些非政府组织都草根组织，也就说它们由普通人自下而上运作的，而不领导人。

Yet China's vigour owes much to what has been happening from the bottom up as well as from the top down.

然而中国的元气更多归功于那些由下而上同样也由上而下的发生的事情。

Oh, well, since I'm one of the owners, I figured I should really learn the business, from my bottom up.

我合伙人之一，所以我想应该多了解自己的生意，把里里外外都搞清楚。

That's thinking not from the bottom up, but rather from the top down.

那从自上而下，而不自下而上的思考。

This piece here in particular. She is hand built from the bottom up and I use a coil technique.

这个作品，完完全全手工制作，我使用了线圈技术。

The thermal mass is crucial to getting your pizza dough crispy and fully baked from the bottom up.

热量对于让你的披萨面团能够由下而上酥脆以及烤熟至关重要。