There are about 3 billion base pairs in our genetic code.

在我们的遗传密码中大约有30亿个碱。

Of these 3 billion base pairs, 99.9% are exactly the same in all humans.

在这30亿个碱中，99.9%的碱在人类中完全相同。

Today, any two humans only differ by about 1 out of 1000 DNA base pairs.

如今，任意两个人的差别只有千分之一的 DNA 碱。

This does not require changing every single base pair in the genome to mammoth.

这不需要将因组中的每一个碱都改变为猛犸象。

By comparison, most genes have only about 10 exons and are 50 thousand base pairs in length.

相来说，大多数因只有10个外显子和50kbp长。

Each of these base pairs are contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes found in the nucleus of human cells.

这些碱中的每一个都包含在人类细胞核里的23染色体当中。

Because in order to be stable in cells, the two strands of a DNA double helix have to form base pairs.

因为为了在细胞中稳定，DNA双螺旋的两条链必须形成碱。

But look at that one base pair.

但是看看那个碱。

True, the typical vertebrate genome is billions of base pairs long.

确实，典型的脊椎因组由数十亿个碱组成。

Remember, Evo2 has been trained on trillions of DNA base pairs.

记住，Evo2已经接受了数万亿个DNA碱的训练。

In ancient human and animal remains, DNA fragments can easily be as short as 35 base pairs.

在古代人类和遗骸中，DNA片段很容易短至35个碱。

Look at all those repeating base pairs: ATCG.

看看所有那些重复的碱：ATCG。

Each person's DNA consists of about 6 billion base pairs stored in 23 pairs of chromosomes— 46 total.

每个人的 DNA 由大约 60 亿个碱组成，存储在 23 染色体中——总共 46 条。

It's found on chromosome 4 and you can tell like how many base pairs, it's 6000 letters long.

它位于4号染色体上，你可以知道它有多少碱，长度为6000个字母。

They managed to insert this 765 base pair segment of DNA into the yeast genome, right?

他们设法将这 765 个碱的 DNA 片段插入酵母因组中，吧？

And some parts, particularly those where the same short pattern of base pairs is repeated over and over again, remain difficult to sequence well.

而且其中某些部分，尤其是那些短型碱被不断复制的位置，仍然很难准确测序。

When Huda and Harry combined their data, they were able to narrow the location of their gene down to about one million base pairs.

Huda 和 Harry 合并数据后，他们就能将因位置缩小到大概100万碱内。

Besides the low error rate, Dr Kedes requires that the sequence be complete-meaning that it includes at least 98% of the genome's base pairs.

除了错误率要低，德斯博士还要求测序结果必须是完整的，即至少包括人体98%的染色体碱。

Rather than patenting every conceivable variant, the company claims jurisdiction over isolated DNA sequences, 15 base pairs long, that match short parts of the genes.

他们不是每一有可能得到的因突变体持有专利权，而是一段分离到的因序列持有专利权，这段因序列含有15个碱。

Alright, so the dystrophin gene is a huge gene on the X-chromosome, that has 79 exons and is over 2 million base pairs in length.

抗肌萎缩蛋白因是X染色体上一个庞大的因，含有79个外显子，全长超过2000kbp（书上通常缩写为bp，碱）。