While orthopaedic surgery made little progress for several centuries, bone setting, usually by self-taught practitioners without formal medical training, became established in many parts of the world.

尽管骨科手个世纪里进展甚微，但接骨——通常由未经正规医学训练的自学者实施——已世界许多地区确立。

In China and Japan, the traditional art of bone setting, known as Dieda and Sekotsu, respectively, developed in association with martial arts schools, where practitioners refined techniques for treating injuries sustained in training and combat.

中国日本，传统的正骨技艺分别被称为“”“接骨”，它们与武学校紧密相连，正是这些学校里，从业者们不断完善了治疗训练战斗中受伤的技。