in sum

1.In sum, there are significant gaps in technological development across countries.

总之，各国在科技发展方面存在巨大差距。

2.The women, in sum, are for the first time withdraw-ing from work with the same unifor-mity as men in their prime working years.

总而言之，女性首次在场时和黄工作年代现一致性。