The most common reason for that is excess ACTH.

最常见的原因是过多的ACTH。

There, it triggers the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH.

在那里，它触发促肾上腺皮质激或促肾上腺皮质激的释放。

In some cases, Cushing syndrome results from a pituitary adenoma making excess ACTH, and in those situations it's called Cushing disease.

在例中，库欣综合征是由垂体腺瘤制造过多促肾上腺皮质激导致的；在这种情况下，它被称作库欣。

Instead, the pituitary adenoma simply grows in size and secretes too much ACTH.

相反，垂体腺瘤只会增大，并分过多的ACTH。

Corticosteroid therapy with prednisolone and adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH, can help control seizures in some infants.

施用强的松龙、促肾上腺皮质激（ACTH）等的皮质类固醇疗法可以帮助控制一婴儿的癫痫发作。

The ACTH travels — again through the bloodstream — to the adrenal cortices of the adrenal glands on top of your kidneys.

促肾上腺皮质激通过血液到达肾脏顶部肾上腺的肾上腺皮质。

The excess ACTH overstimulates zona fasciculata of both adrenal glands, which grow larger and secrete excess cortisol.

过多的ACTH会过度刺激两个肾上腺的束状带，使其增大并分过多的皮质醇。

ACTH, then, travels to the pair of adrenal glands, on top of each kidney, where it specifically targets cells in the adrenal cortex.

ACTH之后被运输到位于两个肾上方的肾上腺，在此专门针对肾上腺皮质细胞。

This causes a decrease in CRH and ACTH, which in turn, shuts down cortisol production from the zona fasciculata.

这会降低CRH和ACTH，反过来阻止束状带制造皮质醇。

The ACTH specifically stimulates cells in this zone to secrete cortisol, which belongs to a class of steroids, or lipid-soluble hormones, called glucocorticoids.

ACTH主要刺激这一带的细胞释放皮质醇，属于糖皮质激，是脂溶性激类固醇中的一种。

As before, the excess cortisol provides negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, suppressing CRH and ACTH production.

像之前一样，过多的皮质醇会导致下丘脑和脑下垂体的负反馈，抑制CRH和ACTH的产生。

If the ACTH level is high, the next step is to give an injection of a high dose of dexamethasone.

如果ACTH水平过高，下一步则需要注射高剂量地塞米松。

Less CRH also tells the pituitary to make less ACTH, so the pituitary ends up having two reasons not to make ACTH.

CRH减少也会让脑下垂体减少分ACTH，因此到最后垂体有两个不产生ACTH的原因。

With less ACTH floating around, the zona fasciculata gets less stimulation to make cortisol, and eventually, cortisol levels go back down to the normal range again.

随着ACTH减少，束状带受刺激产生皮质醇减少，最后，皮质醇水平降低到正常范围内。

When the ACTH binds to receptors on cells in an adrenal cortex, it triggers the release of a frenzy of different freak-out compounds known as glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid hormones.

当促肾上腺皮质激与肾上腺皮质细胞上的受体结合时，它会引发不同反常化合物的疯狂释放，这化合物被称为糖皮质激和矿物质皮质激。

Unlike pituitary adenomas, ectopic sites of ACTH productions typically don't respond even to high doses of dexamethasone, and the serum cortisol remains high.

和垂体腺瘤不同，异位ACTH综合征一般对高剂量地塞米松没有反应，血清皮质醇还是会很高。

If that test is positive, the next step is to determine the exact cause of endogenous cortisol production, and ACTH plasma levels can be checked.

如果测试结果为阳性，那下一步是探查内源性皮质醇失常的原因，可以检查血清促肾上腺皮质激水平。

Normally, the hypothalamus, which is located at the base of the brain, secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone, known as CRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone, known as ACTH.

一般情况下，位于大脑下部的下丘脑分促肾上腺皮质激释放激（CRH），刺激脑下垂体分促肾上腺皮质激（ACTH）。

Apart from pituitary adenomas, there are ectopic sources of ACTH like small cell lung cancer, and in these cases the excess ACTH is coming from somewhere other than the pituitary.

除了垂体腺瘤，ACTH也有异位来源，比如小细胞肺癌；在这种情况下，垂体以外的部位分过多的ACTH。

To do that, the body uses negative feedback, which means that high levels of cortisol tell the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to decrease their secretion of CRH and ACTH, respectively.

我们的身体用负反馈做到这一点，也就是高水平的皮质醇会让下丘脑和脑下垂体分别减少分CRH和ACTH。