First, an enzyme called ADH turns alcohol into acetaldehyde, which is toxic.

首先，乙醇脱氢酶 (ADH) 将酒精转化为有毒的乙醛。

Drugs that inhibit ADH secretion can also be used in chronic SIADH situations.

抑制ADH分泌的药物也用于治疗慢性SIADH。

Pretty much anything that messes with the secretion of ADH.

那SIADH的病因是什么？基本上就是所有会影响ADH分泌的因素。

Type B is a constant release of a moderate amount of ADH.

B型为ADH持续且以较中等剂量释放。

Conditions like strokes, hemorrhages, or trauma to the brain can mess up the brain's ability to release ADH.

中风、颅和创伤等情况都可扰乱大脑释放ADH的功能。

Surgery in general often causes an increase secretion of ADH, although we're not entirely sure why.

一般手术也常导ADH分泌增多，但目前还不清楚具原因。

Obviously brain surgery, specifically to the pituitary gland also might cause extra ADH to be released.

显然，脑部手术，特别是手术，也可能导ADH分泌过多。

How ADH works is kind of complex, but first, let's remember that cell membranes are generally not that permeable to water.

ADH 的工作原理有点复杂，但是首先，让我们记住细胞膜通常不那么容易渗透水。

Similarly, some drugs that act on the brain like mood stabilizers or anti-epileptics can change the way ADH is released.

类似地，一些作用于脑部的药物，如镇定剂、抗癫痫药物等，也可能影响ADH的释放。

Small cell carcinoma in the lungs is the type of cancer most likely to release ADH this way.

小细胞肺癌是导ADH异位分泌最常见的恶性肿瘤。

ADH levels tend to be very high so the maximum amount of fluid is retained, causing urine osmolality to be very high.

ADH水平会变得非常高，导大量水分在潴留，引起尿液的渗透压大幅升高。

Type D is the least common type of SIADH where ADH secretion is completely normal, yet urine osmolality is still high.

D型是最少见的类型，其中ADH的分泌完全正常，但尿液的渗透压仍较高。

Infections in the lungs and brain are also linked to an increase risk of ADH secretion.

肺部和颅的感染也与ADH分泌增多相关。

The antidiuretic hormone, abbreviated as ADH, is the hormone that controls water retention in the body.

抗利尿激素，缩写为ADH，是一种控制水的储存与排泄的激素。

It also constrict blood vessels, and incidentally the vasoconstrictor drug called vasopressin is just ADH.

同时ADH也可以收缩管，而一种名为管升压素的管收缩类药物其实就是ADH。

Anyways, the more ADH floating around in your blood, the more fluid you retain.

总之，随液流动的ADH越多，储存的水就越多。

The less ADH in your blood, the more fluid you excrete.

反之，液中ADH越少，排的水越多。

And since caffeine and alcohol inhibit ADH, that means no moving aquaporins, which means very little water reabsorption, and ultimately tons of peeing, and dehydration.

由于咖啡因和酒精抑制 ADH，这意味着没有移动的水通道蛋白，这意味着很少的水再吸收，最终大量撒尿和脱水。

When your liver encounters alcohol enzymes known as alcohol dehydrogenase, or ADH, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, or ALDH, it will metabolize the alcohol.

当您的肝脏遇到称为酒精脱氢酶（ ADH） 和醛脱氢酶（ALDH） 的酒精酶时， 它会代谢酒精。

ADH affects the last two-thirds of these tubes, called the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting ducts.

ADH作用于这些小管的终末2/3部分，即远曲小管和集合管。