Has a medical condition like Down syndrome or spina bifida?

因为唐氏症或者柱裂而接受着治疗？

Alright, the second type of spina bifida is meningocele, sometimes called a meningeal cyst.

第二种类型的柱裂是膜膨出型，有时也称为膜囊肿。

Down syndrome, cystic fibrosis, spina bifida.

唐氏综症，囊胞纤维症，柱裂。

Neural tube defects include spina bifida, a defect of the spine, as well as some brain defects.

经管缺陷包括柱裂，这种柱上的一种缺陷，以及一些大脑缺陷。

Neoffect CEO Scott Kim leaned on his own experience with rehab as a young child born with spina bifida.

Neoffect首席执行官斯科特？金在出生时患有柱裂，他依靠自己在康复方面的经验研发该项目。

And spina bifida occurs when a portion of this neural tube fails to close properly, typically in the lower back.

当经管的一部分不能正常闭时，会发生柱裂，一般在腰部。

My grandmother got involved in the spina bifida community when my aunt was born with it in 1970.

1970年，我的姑姑出生时患有柱裂，自那时起，我的祖母便投身于柱裂患者群体中。

I was born with spina bifida, so I've been paralyzed my whole life and it's the only life I know.

我出生时有柱裂，所以我的一生都是瘫痪的， 这是我唯一知道的生活。

Alright, the third type and final type is spina bifida occulta, and this is the most common and most mild form of spina bifida.

第三种，也是最后一种，叫做柱裂；这是最常见同时也是最轻微的柱裂类型。

A long-running project following 285,000 Chinese women, begun in 1983, helped demonstrate that folic acid could prevent spina bifida, a rare birth defect.

1983 年开始的一个长期项目跟踪了 285,000 名中国女，帮助证明叶酸可以预防柱裂（一种罕见的先天缺陷）。

In spina bifida occulta, the spinal cord and surrounding tissue don't protrude, nor is any of the tissue forced into the spaces in between the vertebrae.

在柱裂中，髓和周围组织均不突出，也没有任何组织被挤压到椎骨之间的空间。

Spina bifida is condition that occurs when the spine doesn't develop properly at birth and as a result, it doesn't entirely cover the spinalcord.

柱裂是一种在出生时柱发育不正常的情况，因此不能完全覆盖髓。

According to Graham, though, Hispanic families in our part of Texas continued to seek out the Spina Bifida Association at the same rate.

然而，据格雷厄姆所述，在我们德克萨斯州的这个地区，西班牙裔家庭寻求髓裂协会帮助的频率并未减少。

Other risk factors for having a child with spina bifida include obesity, poorly controlled diabetes, and taking medications that interfere with folate metabolism, like certain anti-seizure medications.

柱裂的其它危险因素包括肥胖、糖尿病控制不佳、服用干扰叶酸代谢的药物，比如某些抗癫痫药物等。

There's still a documented disparity in rates of neural tube defects, including spina bifida between Hispanic and non-Hispanic populations in the United States.

在美国，西班牙裔与非西班牙裔人口之间，包括柱裂在内的经管缺陷发生率仍存在记录在案的差异。

Now, the exact cause of all three types of spina bifida isn't known, but there are known risk factors like folate or Vitamin B9 deficiency during fetal development.

这三种柱裂的确切病因尚不清楚，但也有已知的风险因素，如胎儿发育期间缺乏叶酸（维生素B9）。

For example, it could be a congenital defect like spina bifida, or an acquired one like a skull fracture, where there might be CSF leaking through the sinuses.

例如，它可以是先天的缺陷，比如柱裂；或是后天获得的缺陷，比如颅骨骨折，其中可能有脑液通过鼻窦泄漏。

Women who do not get enough folic acid are at risk of giving birth to infants with part of their spinal cord or brain exposed. This disabling condition is called spina bifida.

那些服用叶酸不充足的孕妇，其产下的婴儿可能有部分柱外露，这种疾病叫柱裂。

This one's the least common form of spina bifida, and because the spinal cord itself is not damaged, these individuals often do not experience the severe symptoms that are seen in myelomeningocele.

这是最少见的一种类型，由于髓本身并无损伤，患者通常不会出现髓膜膨出型那样的严重症状。

Spina bifida wasn't the only obstacle that Karin Muraszko had to face growing up, but the person she became and the accomplishment she made arethe reason why she's today's character study.

柱裂并不是卡琳·穆拉兹科成长过程中面临的唯一障碍，但正是她成为的人以及她取得的成， 让她成为了今天的主角研究对象。