A term Galton himself coined, and I'll get back to, in a minute.

高尔顿自己创造一个术语，稍后我会回过头来。

One day, Galton goes to a country fair.

有一天，高尔顿去参加了一个乡村集市。

He was called the Galton Professor of Eugenics at University College London, but he's the one who changed it to the Galton Professor of Genetics and absolutely distinguished himself from eugenics and World War II racism and so forth.

他是伦敦大学学院优生学加尔顿教授，但他本人将这一职位更名为加尔顿遗传学教授，并明确与优生学及第二次世界大战期间种族主义等划清了界限。

More specifically, the Galton board  illustrates one of the most prominent distributions in all of probability, known as the Normal distribution, more colloquially known as a Bell curve, and  also called a Gaussian distribution.

更具体地说， 加尔顿板展示了一种概率中最为显，即正态， 也俗称钟形，被称作高斯。

One situation where these assumptions are decidedly NOT  true would be the Galton board.

一个这些假设明显不成立情况就是加尔顿板。

Taking a page from his famous cousin Charles Darwin's theories on natural selection, Galton wondered how that premise might extend to humans' natural ability when it came to intelligence.

高尔顿借鉴了他著名表弟查尔斯· 达尔文（ Charles Darwin） 关于自然选择理论，想知道这个前提如何扩展到人类在智力方面自然能力。

KESTENBAUM: The contest organizers gave Galton the little slips of paper with everyone's guesses on them.

凯斯特恩鲍姆：比赛组织者给了高尔顿所有人猜测写在小纸条上纸条。

I'd like to kick things off with an overly  simplified model of the Galton board.

我想用一个过于简化加尔顿板模型来开场。

GOLDSTEIN: We came up with a plan to repeat Galton's experiment.

戈尔德斯坦：我们想出了一个计划， 重复高尔顿实验。

Galton's a scientist and a statistician, and he figures, hey, I can do an experiment here, right?

高尔顿是个科学家兼统计学家， 他认为，嘿，我可以在这里做个实验， 对吧？

And, OK, sure, the Galton thing was one pound off.

而且，好吧，确实，高尔顿那次只差一磅。

Sir Francis Galton gives a remarkable talk.

弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士 (Sir Francis Galton) 发表了精彩演讲。

And until, I mean, we're going to talk about Francis Galton and the guy who discovered this phenomenon of regression to the mean and really define that the normal distribution or bell curve as a reality of our world.

直到，我意思是，我们将讨论弗朗西斯·高尔顿，这位发现了回归均值现象并真正定义了正态或钟形作为我们世界现实人。

On hearing of Francis Galton's testing in London, Binet decided to carry out his own large-scale research on assessing differences in individual abilities between various special interest groups, such as mathematicians, chess players, writers, and artists.

在听说弗朗西斯·高尔顿在伦敦测试后，比内决定进行自己大规模研究，评估不同特殊兴趣群体之间个体能力差异，如数学家、国际象棋选手、作家和艺术家。

To which conditions was Francis Galton referring, when he spoke of those other species as " destined to perpetual wildness" ?

当弗朗西斯·高尔顿谈到其他物种“注定要永远处于荒野状态”时，他指是哪些条件？