1912 Max Wertheimer publishes Experimental Studies of the Perception of Movement, a landmark in Gestalt psychology.

1912年，马克斯·韦特海默发表了《运动知觉的实验研究》，这一著作成为格式塔学的重要里程碑。

These formed the basis of Gestalt psychology.

这些构成了格式塔学的基。

There was also a reappraisal of Gestalt psychology.

格式塔学也得到了重新评价。

Originally attracted by Lewin's work in Gestalt psychology, he later took an interest in social psychology.

最初被勒温格式塔学领域的工作所吸引，他后来对社会学产生了兴。

While studying, he traveled to Germany and was introduced to Gestalt psychology.

求学期间，他游历德国，并接触到了格式塔学。

A key figure at this time was Edward Tolman, a behaviorist whose theories had not dismissed the importance of perception and cognition due to his interest in German-based Gestalt psychology.

当时的关键人物是爱德华·托尔曼，他是一位行为主义者， 其论并未忽视感知和认知的重要性， 这归因于他对基于德国的格式塔学的兴。

In Germany, Wolfgang Koerler's work on problem-solving and decision-making drew on Gestalt psychology, a German school of thought that concentrated on perception and perceptual organization, and was also a precursor of cognitive psychology.

德国， 沃尔夫冈·科勒尔关于问题解决与决策的研究借鉴了格式塔学，这一德国思想流派专注于感知和感知组织，同时也是认知学的先驱。

In Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men, Tolman outlined his theory of latent learning and cognitive maps, bringing together the methodology of behaviorism with gestalt psychology and introducing the element of cognition.

《动物和人类的目的性行为》一书中，托尔曼阐述了他的潜学习和认知地图论，将行为主义的方法与格式塔学相结合， 并引入了认知的元素。

Gestalt psychology, not to be confused with gestalt therapy, a much later development, took as its starting point the idea that concepts such as perception, learning, and cognition should be considered as wholes, not studied by investigating their various parts.

格式塔学，需与后来的发展——格式塔疗法区分开来，它以这样一个观点为出发点：诸如感知、学习和认知等概念应被视为整体来考虑，而非通过研究其各个部分来进行探究。