These include the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that can cause tuberculosis, the protozoan Plasmodium, which causes Malaria, the fungus Trichophyton rubrum, which causes ringworm, and the virus Varicella zoster, which causes Chickenpox.

这些包括可以导致结核的结核分枝杆，导致疟疾的原生动物疟原虫，会引起癣的红毛癣，会引起水痘的水痘毒。

Typically, TB bacteria called mycobacterium tuberculosis, are airborne.

导致肺结核的结核杆一般是空气传播的。

Several pathogens have been implicated, like Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as well as Pseudomona and Listeria species.

多种原体与克的发相关，如副结核分枝杆、假单胞和李斯特属。

" We've discovered that vitamin C kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells."

“我们发现维生素 C 能杀死结核分枝杆。”

And then of course there's tubercular meningitis which is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, and finally parasitic causes of meningitis like P. falciparum which is the main cause of malaria.

然后当然还有结核脑膜炎，结核分枝杆引起；最后还有脑膜炎的寄生因，比如像是恶疟原虫，也是疟疾的主要因。

Usually it's caused by viruses and bacteria, but it can also be caused by fungi and a special class of bacteria called mycobacteria.

通常它是毒和细引起的，但也可能和一种叫做分枝杆的特殊细引起。

These samples can then get sent to the lab for staining, culture, and PCR to look for evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

标本被送到实验室去做染色实验、细培养以及聚合酶链式反应，来检验TB存在的证明。

The most well known one is mycobacterium tuberculosis, also just called TB.

最著名的是结核分枝杆，也缩写成TB。

If so, mycobacterium tuberculosis will reproduce inside those macrophages, and form colonies in the surrounding lung tissue.

这时结核杆会在巨噬细胞内繁殖，并在周边组织中形成落。

Now Mycobacterium tuberculosis is usually transmitted via inhalation, which is how they gain entry into the lungs.

结核分枝杆的传播途径通常是吸入途径，也就是它们进入人体肺部的方法。

Many people with AIDS die from infections that a healthy immune system would typically be able to fend off, like pneumocystis, cytomegalovirus, or mycobacterium avium complex.

许多艾滋患者死于原本健康的免疫系统本可抵抗的感染，比如卡氏肺孢子、巨细胞毒或鸟分枝杆复合物。

TB is tricky though, and once inside the macrophage, they produce a protein that inhibits this fusion, which allows the Mycobacterium to survive.

但是TB也不是省油的灯，一旦进入到巨噬细胞体内，它们就会产生抑制这种融合的蛋白，以此让结核分枝杆获得生存。

Certain types of mycobacteria can also lurk in hot tub water.

某些类型的分枝杆也可以潜伏在热水浴缸中。

Turns out the contact with the soil and a specific soil bacteria called Mycobacterium vaccae triggers the release of serotonin in your brain.

原来，接触土壤以及一种特定的土壤细——疫苗分枝杆，会触发大脑释放血清素。

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Cox bacillus, which is transmitted through tiny droplets released into the air, mainly through coughing or sneezing.

结核分枝杆， 又称科克斯氏杆，通过空气中释放的微小飞沫传播，主要途径是咳嗽或打喷嚏。

Also, we should keep in mind that over a quarter of the world's population is infected with mycobacteria.

此外，我们应铭记，全球超过四分之一的人口感染了结核杆。

(Tuberculosis DNA has been reported from the mummy of a Peruvian Indian who died 1,000 years ago, but the identification procedure used did not distinguish human tuberculosis from a closely related pathogen (Mycobacterium bovis) that is widespread in wild animals.

（从 1000 年前死亡的秘鲁印第安人的木乃伊中发现了结核 DNA，但所使用的鉴定程序并未将人类结核与在野生动物中广泛传播的密切相关的原体（牛分枝杆）区分开来。

About a quarter of the world's population The world has been infected with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

大约四分之一的世界人口已经感染了结核分枝杆。

Tuberculosis treatments have been compromised because the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium responsible has evolved resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin, previously the two most powerful antibiotics used against it.

结核治疗已受影响， 因为导致该的结核分枝杆已对异烟肼和利福平产生抗药，而这两种药物曾是治疗该最有效的抗生素。