In HHS, you can sometimes see mild ketonemia and acidosis, but not to the extent that it's seen in DKA, and in DKA you can see some hyperosmolarity, so there is definitely overlap between these two syndromes.

HHS中，有时会出现轻度酮血症和中毒，但会进展到DKA那么严重；在DKA中，可看到一些高渗症状，所以上述两种综合征之间确实有部分相同症状。

In the case of health, sodium bicarbonate indeed has a solid track record largely thanks to its metabolic acidosis buffering, aiding the kidneys in acid-base balance and preventing bone mineral loss.

在健康方面， 有记录显示碳氢钠确实有助于健康，这在很大程度上归功于它的代谢性中毒的缓冲作用，帮助肾脏衡，防止骨矿物质流失。

Now, this isn't always the case for acidosis, though, for example, in respiratory acidosis, potassium levels aren't affected because CO2 is lipid soluble and freely moves into cells without being exchanged for potassium, therefore no hyperkalemia.

但是中毒的情况并都是如此，例如，在呼吸性中毒时，钾离子水，因为CO2是脂溶性的，可以自由进出细胞需要钾离子做交换，因此这种情况下，会产生高钾血症。

That's called — appropriately — muscle acidosis, and the drop in pH may be part of what causes the famous burn while you're exercising.

这被称为肌肉中毒，并且值下降可能是运动时肌肉燃烧的部分原因。

Like low levels of bicarbonate can cause metabolic acidosis with deep and labored breathing called Kussmaul breathing.

低水的碳氢盐会导致代谢性中毒，伴随深大呼吸，称为Kussmaul呼吸。

Treatment of a DKA episode involves giving plenty of fluids, which helps with dehydration, insulin which helps lower blood glucose levels, and replacement of electrolytes, like potassium; all of which help to reverse the acidosis.

DKA的治疗包括大量饮水以缓解脱水，使用胰岛素来降低血糖水，以及补充电解质，如钾；这些都会缓解中毒。

And, even though sodium bicarbonate can buffer metabolic acidosis, an event that increases muscle breakdown, no research has shown supplementation to improve muscle growth nor preserve muscle.

而且，尽管碳氢钠可以缓冲会增加肌肉损伤的代谢性中毒，但没有研究表明补充剂可以改善肌肉生长或保护肌肉。

So other things start to build up in the blood as well, like potassium, called hyperkalemia, as well as acids, called metabolic acidosis.

因此其他物质也开始在血液中堆积：比如钾，造成高钾血症；还有，引起代谢性中毒。

Similarly, when there's a metabolic acidosis from excess organic acids like lactic acid and ketoacids, protons can enter cells with the organic anion rather than having to get exchanged for potassium ions.

相同地，当有机如乳和酮过多，产生代谢性中毒时，质子会和有机阴离子一起进入细胞，而是同钾离子交换。

So in order to help compensate for an acidosis, hydrogen ions enter cells and potassium ions leave the cells and enter the blood, which might help with the acidosis, but results in hyperkalemia.

所以为了代偿中毒，氢离子被移入细胞内，而钾离子被移出细胞而进入血中，这一机制缓解了中毒，但却导致了高钾血症。

Another cause of an internal potassium balance shift could be an acidosis, which is when the blood becomes too acidic, in other words, there's a higher concentration of hydrogen ions —which means a lower blood pH.

另一个打破内钾衡的原因是中毒，即血液成分过，换言之就是血液中氢离子浓度较高，导致血液pH值较低。

Another situation is when living cells get affected by respiratory acidosis, which is when the carbon dioxide levels rise because a person isn't breathing or ventilating it out of the lungs quickly enough.

另一种情况是活细胞到呼吸性中毒的，即一个人由于没有迅速呼吸排出CO2，导致血中CO2水上升。

If too little carbon dioxide is exhaled as a result of hypoventilation, body fluids tend to become more acid, a condition termed acidosis.

如果由于通气足而呼出的二氧化碳太少，体液往往会变得更，这种情况称为中毒。

And  even a slight deviation, will see you quickly developing acidosis, putting you in real trouble.

即使有轻微的偏差，也会让你迅速出现中毒，陷入真正的麻烦。

They have a wide anion gap acidosis.

严重的阴离子间隙增高性中毒。