Apart from pituitary adenomas, there are ectopic sources of ACTH like small cell lung cancer, and in these cases the excess ACTH is coming from somewhere other than the pituitary.

除了体腺瘤，ACTH也有异位来源，比如小细胞肺癌；在这种情况下，体以外的部位分泌过的ACTH。

Instead, the pituitary adenoma simply grows in size and secretes too much ACTH.

相反，体腺瘤只会增大，并分泌过的ACTH。

In some cases, Cushing syndrome results from a pituitary adenoma making excess ACTH, and in those situations it's called Cushing disease.

在某些病，欣综合征是由体腺瘤制造过上腺皮质激素导致的；在这种情况下，它被称作欣病。

The second most common cause is called Conn syndrome and this is where an adenoma or tumor in the glandular epithelial cells secretes too much hormone.

第二常见的原因称为Conn综合征：这是由于起源于腺上皮细胞的腺瘤或肿瘤分泌过的激素。

A different cause is a hyper functioning thyroid adenoma where the follicular cells start growing uncontrollably, forming a benign tumor that makes excess thyroid hormones.

另一个原因是功能亢进的甲状腺腺瘤，即滤泡细胞的生长开始不受控制，形成一个产生过量甲状腺激素的良性肿瘤。

Another common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is tumors of the adrenal glands that make excess cortisol - like adrenal adenomas, which are benign tumors, and adrenal carcinomas, which are malignant tumors.

另一种常见的内源性欣综合征的原因是上腺肿瘤导致过的皮质醇分泌，比如上腺腺瘤，一种良性肿瘤，还有上腺癌，一种恶性肿瘤。

In both adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, the cells of the zona fasciculata within the adrenal cortex start dividing abnormally and secrete excess cortisol.

在上腺腺瘤和上腺癌，上腺皮质里束状带的细胞开始异常分裂并分泌过皮质醇。

Low ACTH levels can be seen in adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, whereas high ACTH levels can be seen in Cushing disease and ectopic ACTH production.

上腺腺瘤和上腺癌会检测出低水平ACTH，欣病和异位ACTH综合征会检测出高水平ACTH。

The leading cause of that is a pituitary adenoma, which is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland- and this specific condition is called Cushing disease.

体腺瘤是导致这一失常的主要原因，这是一种位于体的良性肿瘤，在这种特定情况下被称为欣病。

If Cushing syndrome is due to a pituitary adenoma - like in Cushing disease - then surgical excision of the adenoma may be needed.

如果欣综合征是由于体腺瘤导致，比如欣病，那可能需要手术移除腺瘤。

It can be exogenous, meaning drug-related, or endogenous, meaning that it's from an adrenal tumor or excess ACTH from a pituitary adenomas, in which case it's called Cushing disease or from an ectopic site like small cell lung cancer.

它可以是外源性，也就是药物相关；或内源性，也就是由上腺肿瘤或由体腺瘤分泌过ACTH造成，这种情况下叫做欣病，或是源于异位分泌，比如小细胞肺癌。

Unlike pituitary adenomas, ectopic sites of ACTH productions typically don't respond even to high doses of dexamethasone, and the serum cortisol remains high.

和体腺瘤不同，异位ACTH综合征一般对高剂量地塞米松没有反应，血清皮质醇还是会很高。