1.This applies to both functional cysts and benign neoplasms like endometriomas, as well as serous and mucinous adenomas.

这适用于功能囊肿及诸如子宫内膜异位症囊肿、浆液液囊腺瘤等良肿瘤。

2.Instead, the pituitary adenoma simply grows in size and secretes too much ACTH.

相反，垂体腺瘤只会增大，并分泌过多的ACTH。

3.Unlike pituitary adenomas, ectopic sites of ACTH productions typically don't respond even to high doses of dexamethasone, and the serum cortisol remains high.

和垂体腺瘤不同，异位ACTH综合征一般对高剂量地塞米松没有反应，血清皮质醇还会很高。

4.Low ACTH levels can be seen in adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, whereas high ACTH levels can be seen in Cushing disease and ectopic ACTH production.

肾上腺腺瘤和肾上腺癌会检测出低水平ACTH，库欣病和异位ACTH综合征会检测出高水平ACTH。

5.A different cause is a hyper functioning thyroid adenoma where the follicular cells start growing uncontrollably, forming a benign tumor that makes excess thyroid hormones.

另一个原因功能亢进的甲状腺腺瘤，即滤泡细胞的始不受控制，形成一个产过量甲状腺激素的良肿瘤。

6.For a prolactinoma, dopamine agonists like cabergoline can be used - because they inhibit prolactin secretion just like dopamine naturally would, and they shrink the adenoma.

对于泌乳素瘤，可用如卡麦角林这类多巴胺激动剂，因为该药能模仿自然状态的多巴胺，抑制泌乳素的分泌，从而使瘤体缩小。

7.In both adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, the cells of the zona fasciculata within the adrenal cortex start dividing abnormally and secrete excess cortisol.

在肾上腺腺瘤和肾上腺癌中，肾上腺皮质里束状带的细胞始异常分裂并分泌过多皮质醇。

8.If Cushing syndrome is due to a pituitary adenoma - like in Cushing disease - then surgical excision of the adenoma may be needed.

如果库欣综合征由于垂体腺瘤导致，比如库欣病，那可能需要手术移除腺瘤。

9.In some cases, Cushing syndrome results from a pituitary adenoma making excess ACTH, and in those situations it's called Cushing disease.

在某些病例中，库欣综合征由垂体腺瘤制造过多促肾上腺皮质激素导致的；在这种情况下，它被称作库欣病。

10.The leading cause of that is a pituitary adenoma, which is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland- and this specific condition is called Cushing disease.

垂体腺瘤导致这一失常的主要原因，这一种位于垂体的良肿瘤，在这种特定情况下被称为库欣病。

11.The second most common cause is called Conn syndrome and this is where an adenoma or tumor in the glandular epithelial cells secretes too much hormone.

第二常见的原因称为Conn综合征：这由于起源于腺上皮细胞的腺瘤肿瘤分泌过多的激素。

12.Apart from pituitary adenomas, there are ectopic sources of ACTH like small cell lung cancer, and in these cases the excess ACTH is coming from somewhere other than the pituitary.

除了垂体腺瘤，ACTH也有异位来源，比如小细胞肺癌；在这种情况下，垂体以外的部位分泌过多的ACTH。

13.Another common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is tumors of the adrenal glands that make excess cortisol - like adrenal adenomas, which are benign tumors, and adrenal carcinomas, which are malignant tumors.

另一种常见的内源库欣综合征的原因肾上腺肿瘤导致过多的皮质醇分泌，比如肾上腺腺瘤，一种良肿瘤，还有肾上腺癌，一种恶肿瘤。

14.It can be exogenous, meaning drug-related, or endogenous, meaning that it's from an adrenal tumor or excess ACTH from a pituitary adenomas, in which case it's called Cushing disease or from an ectopic site like small cell lung cancer.

它可以外源，也就药物相关；内源，也就由肾上腺肿瘤由垂体腺瘤分泌过多ACTH造成，这种情况下叫做库欣病，源于异位分泌，比如小细胞肺癌。