Caffeine, on the other hand, is kind of 'Trojan horse, ' its molecules bind to these adenosine receptors and block them, increasing your dopamine levels, and making you more alert.

不同的是，咖啡因则是一种“木马病毒”，的分子与这些腺苷受体结合并阻传递信息，增加你的多巴胺水平，使你更加清醒。

In fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosine's receptor pathways.

事实上，咖啡因是靠阻接受腺苷的感知器官来实现其作用的。

Firstly, caffeine blocks the receptors in the body for a compound called adenosine.

首先，咖啡因会阻体内对腺苷化合物的受体。

Never in your life will you have to remind a cell to keep an eye on its adenosine triphosphate levels or to find a place for the extra squirt of folic acid that's just unexpectedly turned up.

在你的一生中，你永远没有必要提醒任何一个细胞，要随时注意其腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸盐的情况，或是找到存放不然间出现的多余叶酸的地方。

For example, 2021 research explains that caffeine increases alertness by blocking the brain chemical adenosine (which is what makes you feel tired), while at the same time triggering the release of adrenaline, known as the fight-or-flight hormone.

例如，2021 年的研究解释说，咖啡因通过阻大脑化学物质腺苷（这是让你感到疲劳的原因）来提高警觉性，同时触发肾上腺素的释放，肾上腺素被称为“战斗或逃跑”荷尔蒙。

But throughout the day, as our neurons break down ATP for energy, the byproduct adenosine builds up and activates sleep control neurons near the hypothalamus.

但一天过后，当我的神经元为获取能量分解ATP时，副产物腺苷会在下丘脑附近建立并眠控制神经元。

Neurons in your brain have specific receptors that the neurotransmitter adenosine attaches to throughout the day to make you increasingly drowsy, helping you to fall asleep at night.

你大脑中的神经元有特定的受体，神经递质腺苷会全天附着在这些受体上，让你越来越困倦，从而有助于你在夜间入。

This ischemia is thought to trigger release of adenosine, bradykinin, and other molecules that stimulate nerve fibers in the myocardium that result in the sensation of pain.

心内膜下缺血被认为启动腺苷、缓肽等分子的释放，这些分子刺心肌层神经末梢，导致痛觉产生。

Because caffeine molecules look pretty darn similar to adenosine molecules, caffeine can bind to the exact same receptors and block their function.

因为咖啡因的分子结构和腺苷酸的分子结构见鬼般的相似，也能粘附在同样的受体上，阻滞腺苷酸的功能。

The caffeine works its way through your bloodstream and into the brain, where it starts to compete and binds with adenosine receptors.

咖啡因顺着血液流至大脑，并开始与腺苷作斗争，与腺苷的受体结合。

They are managed by the rise and fall of certain chemicals such as the hormones melatonin and cortisol, and the neurotransmitter adenosine.

由某些化学物质的上升和下降来控制，例如褪黑素和皮质醇素以及神经递质腺苷。

It forms the high energy bonds of adenosine triphosphate or ATP, which is the most common energy currency in the cell.

会形成三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的高能键；ATP是细胞中最常见的能量货币。

This protein in turn leads to an overproduction of the intracellular secondary messenger protein, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or simply cAMP.

然后此蛋白再过度一种叫做cAMP的细胞内第二信使。

Lift up his arm. The nurses always lift the arm when they push adenosine. it gets to the heart faster.

举起他的胳膊，护士在注射腺苷的时候都是举起胳膊的。这样才会很快到达心脏。

Under normal circumstances, adenosine triggers these receptors and it produces a feeling of relaxation and even drowsiness for some people.

在正常情况下，腺苷会触发这些受体，让一些人产生放松甚至困倦的感觉。

Caffeine molecules interfere with this process, keeping adenosine from doing its job – and keeping us feeling alert.

咖啡因分子会干扰这一过程，阻止腺苷发挥作用，让我保持警觉。

There are four bases: adenosine, thymine, cytosin, and guanine.

腺苷、胸腺嘧啶、胞嘧啶和鸟嘌呤。

So the caffeine doesn't even need to compete with the adenosine to fit into those receptors.

所以咖啡因不用和腺嘌呤核苷竞争受体。

Caffeine blocks adenosine from binding to receptors, which can give you a boost of energy.

咖啡因阻止了腺苷和受体的结合，让你短暂得到能量。

Caffeine is a pro at mimicking a neurotransmitter called adenosine.

咖啡因是一种能够像“腺苷”神经递质一样在神经细胞间传递信息。