They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可以烷或烯，有时甚至罕见的炔。

So, we've heard of saturated fats. What does that mean? It means no double bonds. All of the carbon chains are alkanes, and it has as many hydrogens as possible. It's saturated.

那么，我们听说过饱和脂肪。它什么意思呢？ 它意味着没有双。所有的碳链都烷，并且含有尽可能多的氢原子。 它饱和的。

So alkanes with 5 to 18 chains of carbon atoms like octane and gasoline are liquids at room temperature and those with more than 18 carbon atoms like paraffin or other waxes are solids.

因此，有 5 到 18 个碳原子链的烷（如辛烷和汽油）在室温下液体，而那些有超过 18 个碳原子的烷（如石蜡或其他蜡）固体。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里有一个字母在变化：烷中的A变成了烯中的E，然后再变成炔中的Y。

Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烷更多相同的东西，添加另一个碳原子来延长链。

As a general rule, the larger and more complex alkanes are, the more densely their molecules can pack together, which means that they tend to be liquid or solid instead of gaseous at room temperature.

一般来说，烷越大越复杂， 它们的分子堆积在一起的密度就越大，这意味着它们在室温下往往液态或固态， 而不气态。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现在假设您有多个相同大小的基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烷上的两个甲基。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯可以转化为烷，而炔则可以根据添加的原子数量变成烯或烷。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意听了，你应该知道带有双的碳氢化合物称为烯， 带有三的称为炔， 而且它们的命名规则与烷相同。

So, three words representing three different groups of organic compounds. Alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

因此，这三个词分别代表三类不同的有机化合物。烷指所有均为单的化合物；烯指含有双的化合物；炔指含有一个或多个三的化合物。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三种不同的有机化合物组：烷表示全单，烯表示含有双，炔表示含有一个或多个三。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烷成为最常见的燃烧或燃烧燃料。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时这些油脂会完全氢化，生成饱和的烷。

The fatty acid chains, they have long hydrocarbon chains, are what we're mostly concerned with here. They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes even rarely alkynes.

脂肪酸链有长的碳氢链，这我们主要关注的部分。它们可以烷或烯，有时甚至罕见的炔。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烷丁烷 C4H10， 事情变得更加有趣，因为它有两种不同的形式。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述的完全饱和的碳氢化合物通常用更简单的名称命名， 即烷。

It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

它聚合烯， 但分子本身烷。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单的烷您以前听说过的甲烷或 CH4， 它天然气中的主要化合物。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但有 3 种类型的烷反应非常重要， 我们现在就在这里进行介绍。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后的反应类型脱氢， 从某种程度上来说，它从烷中去除氢原子。