They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见炔烃。

So, we've heard of saturated fats. What does that mean? It means no double bonds. All of the carbon chains are alkanes, and it has as many hydrogens as possible. It's saturated.

那么，我们听说过饱和脂肪。它是什么意思呢？ 它意味着没有双键。所有碳链都是烷烃，并且含有尽可能多氢原子。 它是饱和。

So alkanes with 5 to 18 chains of carbon atoms like octane and gasoline are liquids at room temperature and those with more than 18 carbon atoms like paraffin or other waxes are solids.

因此，有 5 到 18 个碳原子链烷烃（如辛烷和汽油）室温下是液体，而那些有超过 18 个碳原子烷烃（如石蜡或其他蜡）是固体。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母：烷烃中A成了烯烃中E，然后再成炔烃中Y。

Alkanes are just more of the same, add another carbon to lengthen the chain.

烷烃只是更多相同东西，添加另一个碳原子来延长链。

As a general rule, the larger and more complex alkanes are, the more densely their molecules can pack together, which means that they tend to be liquid or solid instead of gaseous at room temperature.

一般来说，烷烃越大越复杂， 它们分子堆积一起密度就越大，这意味着它们室温下往往是液态或固态， 而不是气态。

Now suppose you have more than one of the same size group attached to the same chain, like two methyl groups on the same alkane.

现假设您有多个相同大小基团连接到同一条链上，例如同一烷烃上两个甲基。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可以转为烷烃，而炔烃则可以根据添加原子数量成烯烃或烷烃。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意听了，你应该知道带有双键碳氢物称为烯烃， 带有三键称为炔烃， 而且它们命名规则与烷烃相同。

So, three words representing three different groups of organic compounds. Alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

因此，这三个词分别代表三类不同有机物。烷烃是指所有键均为单键物；烯烃是指含有双键物；炔烃是指含有一个或多个三键物。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三种不同有机物组：烷烃表示全单键，烯烃表示含有双键，炔烃表示含有一个或多个三键。

The first is the kind that made alkane the most common fuel for combustion or burning.

第一种使烷烃成为最常见燃烧或燃烧燃料。

Sometimes the oils are fully hydrogenated, creating saturated alkanes.

有时这些油脂会完全氢，生成饱和烷烃。

The fatty acid chains, they have long hydrocarbon chains, are what we're mostly concerned with here. They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes even rarely alkynes.

脂肪酸链有长碳氢链，这是我们主要关注部分。它们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见炔烃。

Things get more interesting, though, with the next alkane, butane, C4H10, because there are two different forms of it.

不过，对于下一个烷烃丁烷 C4H10， 事情得更加有趣，因为它有两种不同形式。

The fully saturated hydrocarbons I just described are usually called by the much simpler name, alkanes.

我刚刚描述完全饱和碳氢物通常用更简单名称命名， 即烷烃。

It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

它是聚烯烃， 但分子本身是烷烃。

The simplest of the alkanes is one you've heard of before, methane, or CH4, the main compound in natural gas.

最简单烷烃是您以前听说过甲烷或 CH4， 它是天然气中主要物。

But there are 3 types of alkane reactions that are important enough for us to cover right now right here.

但是有 3 种类型烷烃反应非常重要， 我们现就这里进行介绍。

The final reaction type is dehydrogenation, and it, somewhat obviously, is the removal of hydrogen atoms from alkanes.

最后反应类型是脱氢， 从某种程度上来说，它是从烷烃中去除氢原子。