All the other naming rules apply to alkenes and alkynes too.

所有命名规则也适用于烯烃和炔烃。

So, three words representing three different groups of organic compounds. Alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

因此，这三个词分别代表三类不同有机合物。烷烃是指所有键均为单键合物；烯烃是指含有双键合物；炔烃是指含有一个或多个三键合物。

The fatty acid chains, they have long hydrocarbon chains, are what we're mostly concerned with here. They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes even rarely alkynes.

脂肪酸链具有长碳链，这是我们主要关注部分。它们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见炔烃。

You also learned a little bit about cis-trans isomerism and learned a few important reactions of alkenes and alkynes such as hydrogenation, halogenation, and polymerization.

你还了解了一点关于顺反异构体知识，并学习了一些烯烃和炔烃重要反应，如、和聚合。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有时甚至是罕见炔烃。

All the other naming rules apply to alkenes and alkynes too. For instance, the main carbon chain, the longest one, is numbered in such a way that the various components, including the double bond, have the lowest numbers possible.

所有命名规则同样适用于烯烃和炔烃。例如，主碳链（即最长碳链）编号方式应使包括双键在内各个组成部分具有尽可能低编号。

That may not sound like a big deal at first, but alkenes and alkynes don't have that kind of freedom, and that simple fact has a huge effect on their properties.

起初这听起来可能没什么大不了，但烯烃和炔烃并不具备这种自由度，而这一简单事实对它们性质产生了巨大影响。

If they've got a double bond, we call them alkenes, and those with triple bonds are alkynes.

如果它们含有双键，我们称它们为烯烃，而含有三键则称为炔烃。

That may not sound like a big deal at first, but alkenes and alkynes don't have that kind of freedom, and that simple fact has a huge affect on their properties.

这乍一听可能不算什么大不了事，但烯烃和炔烃就没有这种自由度， 这个简单事实对性质产生了巨大影响。

Thus, no isomers with alkynes. Phew. OK I'm done describing for the moment.

因此，炔烃没有异构体。松了口气。好吧，我暂时先描述到这儿。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可以转为烷烃，而炔烃则可以根据添加原子数量变成烯烃或烷烃。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意听了，你应该知道带有双键碳合物称为烯烃， 带有三键称为炔烃， 而且它们命名规则与烷烃相同。

So three words representing three different groups of organic compounds: alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

所以三个词代表三种不同有机合物组：烷烃表示全单键，烯烃表示含有双键，炔烃表示含有一个或多个三键。

The triple bonds in alkynes, meanwhile, are composed of 1 sigma bond and 2 pi bonds for a total of 3 bonds.

炔烃中三键由1个σ键和2个π键组成，总共3个键。