He has also served a year ban after testing positive for anabolic steroids.

他曾因为类固醇代谢物尿检阳性被禁赛一年。

And to do that, it triggers a shift from catabolic reactions to anabolic ones.

为此，它触发了从分解代谢反应到合成代谢反应的转变。

In healthy people, chondrocytes maintain a delicate balance between breaking down old cartilage—called catabolic activity, and producing new cartilage—called anabolic activity, through the use of both degradative enzymes and synthetic enzymes.

在健康的机体内，软骨胞在分解老化的软骨（分解作用）和产生新的软骨（合成作用）之间通过分解酶和合成酶来保持衡。

And leucine is a key branch chain amino acid that has an anabolic effect on the body so it preserves lean body mass.

而亮氨酸是一种在体内起合成代谢作用的，关键性支链氨基酸，所以它能保护体内脂肪较的肌肉块。

The Bulgarian Weight-lifting Federation says 11 members of the national team including 3 European champions have tested positive for a banned anabolic steroid.

保加利亚举重联合会称国家队有11名队员已检查出一种被禁同化性类固醇阳性，括三名欧洲冠军。

Anabolic steroids attach to cells and encourage them to produce more protein, which muscles need to grow and become stronger.

合成类固醇依附于胞上，促使它们产生更多肌肉生长和壮大所需要的蛋白质。

This damage then signals anabolic pathways leading to muscle protein synthesis, a process that drives muscle growth.

这种损伤随后发出信号，合成代谢途径导致肌肉蛋白质合成，这是一个驱动肌肉生长的过程。

It makes sense, then, that artificial anabolic steroids mimic testosteroneproduced in the body.

模仿人体内分泌的睾丸激素应运而生了。

For a start, oestrogen is anabolic, building up muscle, while progesterone is catabolic, breaking it down.

首先，雌激素是合成代谢的，可以增强肌肉，而黄体酮是分解代谢的，可以分解肌肉。

After Disciplinary Hearing, Mahmoud Al Zarooni admitted giving horses in his care, anabolic steroids to enhance their performance.

在举行纪律听证会后，马赫穆德·扎鲁尼承认给自己驯养的马服用雄性激素以提高成绩。

All 15 horses have been banned from racing for six months until October, a time period in which the effects of anabolic steroids should go through their systems.

15匹马全部被禁参赛6个月，到10月份才能解禁，在这个时间内雄性激素的作用会在整个体内得到发挥。

The theory is that more metabolic stress accumulates in the muscle with less rest, which leads to greater anabolic signaling, thus greater muscle hypertrophy.

该理论认为，更多的代谢压力会在肌肉积累，而休息时间越，就会有越多的合成代谢信号，从而导致肌肉生长更多。

Those amino acids then get reassembled using anabolic reactions into your very own, but somewhat different, proteins, as defined by your DNA.

然后这些氨基酸通过合成代谢反应重组成你自己的，但有些不同的蛋白质，由你的脱氧核糖核酸定义。

Testosterone is an anabolic steroid, meaning that itencourages new muscle growth.

睾丸激素是一种合成代谢类固醇，它能够促进新的肌肉的生长。

As the name implies, Human Growth Hormone is an anabolic hormone — a hormone conducive to growth.

顾名思义，人体生长激素是一种促进合成代谢的激素——即有助于生长的激素。

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that has many functions, but one is that it acts as your " fat storage" hormone and by inhibiting three important enzymes, it prevents you from burning fat.

胰岛素是一种具有许多功能的合成代谢荷尔蒙，但同时还是一种使人发胖的荷尔蒙而且，通过抑制人体三种重要的酶，胰岛素还能阻止人体燃烧脂肪获取能量。

Anabolic reactions construct things and consume energy.

合成代谢反应构建事物并消耗能量。

More and more research has been showing that muscle contractions and longer muscle lengths tend to induce both greater metabolic and anabolic responses.

越来越多的研究表明，肌肉收缩和较长的肌肉长度往往会引起更大的代谢和合成代谢反应。

But for now, you've learned all about the vital nutrients — including water, vitamins, minerals, carbs, fats, and proteins — as well as how anabolic reactions build structures and require energy, while catabolic reactions tear things apart and release energy.

但是现在，你已经了解了所有重要的营养物质——括水、维生素、矿物质、碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质——以及合成代谢反应如何构建结构和需要能量，而分解代谢反应将东西分开并释放能量。

" Anabolic steroids" are a common type of performance-enhancing drugs.

" 合成代谢类固醇" 是一种常见的提高运动表现的药物。