Hamartin, which is also known as a tumour suppressant, encourages a cellular recycling mechanism called autophagy.

错构瘤，也被称为肿瘤抑制剂，能促进被称为自噬的再生机理。

Recently, coffee and even decaf coffee have been shown to promote an anti-aging process called autophagy.

最近，咖啡甚至无咖啡因咖啡都被证可以促进一种叫做自噬的抗衰老过程。

We know that it induces something called autophagy — I will speak more about this in a second.

我们知道它会引发一种叫做自噬的机制 —— 这个我待会解释。

He starved cells in order to prove that the autophagy, or the self-eating mechanism of cells, existed in yeast cells.

他通过让挨饿证自噬机制确实存在于酵母。

Autophagy, proteostasis and mitochondrial reproduction are three more of the 12 hallmarks of ageing.

自噬、蛋白质稳态体繁殖是 12 个衰老标志的另外三个。

That way, the cells would use autophagy to send stuff to the vacuole.

这样，就会利用自噬将物质输送到液泡。

He used this method to identify 15 genes that are crucial for autophagy.

他用这种方法鉴定了 15 个对自噬至关重要的基因。

Although autophagy was first discovered in the 1960s, it was Ohsumi's lab that explained how it worked and why it was significant.

虽然自噬作用在 1960 年代首次被发现，却是大隅良典的实验室解释了它的运作方式以及它为何重要。

So researchers are now looking for treatments for these diseases that target autophagy, which wouldn’t be possible without Ohsumi’s work.

因此，研究人员现在正在寻找针对自噬的这些疾病的治疗方法，如果没有 Ohsumi 的工作，这是不可能实现的。

During autophagy, a cell transports its broken-down components to a certain area where they’re taken apart, so that their chemical components can be reused.

在自噬过程，将其分解的成分运送到某个区域， 在那里它们被分解， 这样它们的化学成分就可以被重复使用。

And problems in the autophagy process have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases, including diabetes and some forms of cancer.

自噬过程的问题与多种人类疾病有关，包括糖尿病某些形式的癌症。

First, Ohsumi needed a way to see autophagy in action, even though the parts being recycled are too small to see individually with a typical microscope.

首先， Ohsumi 需要一种方法来观察自噬的作用，即使被回收的部分太小而无法用典型的显微镜单独观察。

" The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute has today decided to award the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Yoshinori Ohsumi for his discoveries of mechanisms for autophagy."

“卡罗琳医学院诺贝尔大会今天决定将2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予大隅良典，以表彰其在自噬机制的发现。”

There is no greater happiness as a researcher than that this research into yeast, into the fundamentals of living things, has turned into such a big springboard for the recent research into autophagy.

作为一名研究者，没有什么比这更快乐了，这项对酵母、对生物基本原理的研究，成为近来自噬作用研究如此重要的一块跳板。

And this discovery provided the basis for studying the process in more complex organisms. Since then, we’ve learned that autophagy is essential for normal cellular function in all kinds of organisms, including humans.

这一发现为在更复杂的生物体研究这一过程提供了基础。从那时起，我们了解到自噬对于包括人类在内的各种生物体的正常功能至关重要。

This year’s prize has gone to cell biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi for his work on the phenomenon known as autophagy -- the method that cells use to conserve nutrients to try to save themselves from dying.

今年的奖项颁给了生物学家 Yoshinori Ohsumi，以表彰他在自噬现象方面所做的工作，自噬是用来保存营养以防止自身死亡的方法。