Myelin is a fatty sheath that insulates an axon, preventing electrical currents from leaking out.

髓鞘质脂肪鞘，它把轴隔绝起来，以防止电波泄漏。

Neurons propagate slowly in axons, 100 meters per second, tops.

神元在轴中传输的速度较慢， 最多 100 米每秒。

The damaged neurons regrew their long signaling tails, called axons.

受损的神元重新长出长的信号尾，这个便轴。

Can we grow axons and neurons down these channels?

我们能否沿着这些道 培植神轴或神元呢?

You will also notice they have long axons along which the electrical message can travel.

你还会注意到它们有长长的轴——电信号可以沿其传播。

In the central nervous system, nicotinic receptors are on pre-synaptic axon terminals of neurons, and when nicotine binds to them, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, which is why it's considered an acetylcholine agonist.

在中枢神系统中，烟碱受体分布于触前神元的轴末端，当尼古丁与受体结合后，会触发多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸盐等神递质的释放，因此尼古丁被认为乙酰胆碱受体兴奋剂。

The long, rope-like axon is the transmission cable — it carries messages to other neurons, and muscles, and glands. Together all of these things combine to form nerves of all different sizes laced throughout your body.

长长的绳索状轴传输电缆——它将信息传递给其他神元、肌肉和腺体。所有这些东西结合在起形成遍布全身的各不同大小的神。

By releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another, they change the electrical charge of the receiving neuron consequently exciting or inhibiting it.

被称为神递质的化学物质从个神元的轴释放到另个神元的，过这方式，这些化学物质会改变接收神元的电荷，从而激发或抑制它。

In addition, the cells of a poorly differentiated neuroblastoma may be surrounded by a substance called neuropil, which is a dense network of interwoven nerve fibers, like axon and dendrite branches.

分化不良型神母细胞瘤的细胞可能被神纤维网包围，即由轴和分支等神纤维交织成的密集网状结构。

Until that debris is cleaned up, the cell body in the main part of the neuron can't really give out directions to produce new axon endings.

在这些碎片被清理干净之前，神元主要部分的细胞体不能真正给出产生新轴末端的方向。

HSV1 and HSV2 also infect nearby sensory neurons, and travel up their axon to the neuron's cell body to start up the latent cycle.

HSV1和HSV2也会感染邻近的感觉神元，沿着轴向上到达神元的细胞体，开始潜伏周期。

Then, once the voltage reaches a specific threshold, a pulse is fired along organic amplifiers that mimic a nerve cell axon.

之后电压旦到达特定值，就会沿着模拟神细胞轴的有机放大器释放脉冲。

Myelin is the protective sheath that surrounds the axons of the peripheral neurons allowing them to quickly send electrical impulses.

髓鞘质包绕在周围神轴上的保护性鞘，使轴可以快速传递电冲动。

Axons in the nerves begin to die off. Muscles can't be controlled, and they shrink as a consequence.

神中的轴开始死亡。肌肉无法被控制，因此它们会萎缩。

A neuron has three parts: Dendrites, soma or cell body, and axon.

、胞体和轴。

As you repeat an action, a fatty tissue called myelin covers the axons of your neurons.

当你重复个动作时，叫做髓鞘的脂肪组织覆盖在神元的轴上。

The signal-carrying arm of these cells, called an axon, can be up to a meter long!

这些细胞的信号传递臂被称为轴，最长可达米！

This nerve here is made up of 1.3 million little axons, which are connections that allow the image to be distributed through the brain all the way into the back of your brain called the occipital region.

这里的神由 130 万小轴组成，这些轴允许图像过大脑分布到大脑后部的连接，称为枕叶区域。

Cocaine increases the release of certain neurotransmitters, but it's biggest effect is blocking reuptake receptors on presynaptic axon terminals, and both actions keep neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapse longer and increases their effects.

可卡因促进些特定神递质的释放，但它最大的作用阻止触前神元终端受体的“再摄取”；两作用都能使得神递质，如多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素与5-HT，在触间隙存留时间延长，从而加强他们的作用。

Inside the glomerulus, the olfactory axons meet up with the dendrites of another kind of nerve cell, called a mitral cell, which relays the signal to the brain.

在肾小球内，嗅觉轴与另神细胞的相遇，称为二尖瓣细胞，将信号传递到大脑。