Myelin is a fatty sheath that insulates an axon, preventing electrical currents from leaking out.

髓鞘质是一种脂肪鞘，它把轴突隔绝起来，以防止电波泄漏。

Neurons propagate slowly in axons, 100 meters per second, tops.

神元在轴突中传输的速度较慢， 最多 100 米每秒。

The damaged neurons regrew their long signaling tails, called axons.

受损的神元重新长出长的信号尾，这个便是轴突。

Can we grow axons and neurons down these channels?

我们能否沿着这些通道 培植神轴突或神元呢?

You will also notice they have long axons along which the electrical message can travel.

你还会注意到它们有长长的轴突——电信号可以沿其传播。

In the central nervous system, nicotinic receptors are on pre-synaptic axon terminals of neurons, and when nicotine binds to them, it triggers the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate, which is why it's considered an acetylcholine agonist.

在中枢神统中，烟碱受体分布于突触前神元的轴突末端，当尼古丁与受体结合后，会触发多巴胺、乙酰胆碱、谷氨酸盐等神递质的释放，因此尼古丁被认为是一种乙酰胆碱受体兴奋剂。

The long, rope-like axon is the transmission cable — it carries messages to other neurons, and muscles, and glands. Together all of these things combine to form nerves of all different sizes laced throughout your body.

长长的绳索状轴突是传输电缆——它将信息传递给其他神元、肌肉和腺体。所有这些东西结合在一起布全身的各种不同大小的神。

By releasing chemicals called neurotransmitters from the axon of one neuron to the dendrite of another, they change the electrical charge of the receiving neuron consequently exciting or inhibiting it.

被称为神递质的化学物质从一个神元的轴突释放到另一个神元的树突，通过这种方式，这些化学物质会改变接收神元的电荷，从而激发或抑制它。

In addition, the cells of a poorly differentiated neuroblastoma may be surrounded by a substance called neuropil, which is a dense network of interwoven nerve fibers, like axon and dendrite branches.

分化不良型神母细胞瘤的细胞可能被神纤维网包围，即由轴突和树突分支等神纤维交织的密集网状结构。

Until that debris is cleaned up, the cell body in the main part of the neuron can't really give out directions to produce new axon endings.

在这些碎片被清理干净之前，神元主要部分的细胞体不能真正给出产生新轴突末端的方向。

HSV1 and HSV2 also infect nearby sensory neurons, and travel up their axon to the neuron's cell body to start up the latent cycle.

HSV1和HSV2也会感染邻近的感觉神元，沿着轴突向上到达神元的细胞体，开始潜伏周期。

Then, once the voltage reaches a specific threshold, a pulse is fired along organic amplifiers that mimic a nerve cell axon.

之后电压一旦到达特定值，就会沿着模拟神细胞轴突的有机放大器释放脉冲。

Myelin is the protective sheath that surrounds the axons of the peripheral neurons allowing them to quickly send electrical impulses.

髓鞘质是包绕在周围神轴突上的保护性鞘，使轴突可以快速传递电冲动。

Axons in the nerves begin to die off. Muscles can't be controlled, and they shrink as a consequence.

神中的轴突开始死亡。肌肉无法被控制，因此它们会萎缩。

A neuron has three parts: Dendrites, soma or cell body, and axon.

树突、胞体和轴突。

As you repeat an action, a fatty tissue called myelin covers the axons of your neurons.

当你重复一个动作时，一种叫做髓鞘的脂肪组织覆盖在神元的轴突上。

The signal-carrying arm of these cells, called an axon, can be up to a meter long!

这些细胞的信号传递臂被称为轴突，最长可达一米！

This nerve here is made up of 1.3 million little axons, which are connections that allow the image to be distributed through the brain all the way into the back of your brain called the occipital region.

这里的神由 130 万小轴突组，这些轴突是允许图像通过大脑分布到大脑后部的连接，称为枕叶区域。

Cocaine increases the release of certain neurotransmitters, but it's biggest effect is blocking reuptake receptors on presynaptic axon terminals, and both actions keep neurotransmitters like dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the synapse longer and increases their effects.

可卡因促进一些特定神递质的释放，但它最大的作用是阻止突触前神元终端受体的“再摄取”；两种作用都能使得神递质，如多巴胺、去甲肾上腺素与5-HT，在突触间隙存留时间延长，从而加强他们的作用。

Inside the glomerulus, the olfactory axons meet up with the dendrites of another kind of nerve cell, called a mitral cell, which relays the signal to the brain.

在肾小球内，嗅觉轴突与另一种神细胞的树突相遇，称为二尖瓣细胞，将信号传递到大脑。