Others are transmitted by bacteriophages, specialised viruses that infect bacteria.

另一些则通过噬体传播，噬体是一种专门感染病毒。

In the last few years, bacteriophages have enjoyed the attention of the second deadliest beings on earth: humans.

最近几年，噬体引界上第二致命生物关注——人类。

Turns out, we have our own uses for bacteriophages.

事实证明，我们对噬体有自己用途。

But in the wild, bacteria use CRISPR to defend themselves against their viral enemies: bacteriophages.

但在野外，使用 CRISPR 来抵御它们病毒敌人：噬体。

Like a row of " most-wanted" posters, CRISPR helps them find and destroy bacteriophages if they return.

就像一排“头号通缉犯”海报，如果他们回来，CRISPR 会帮助他们找到并摧毁噬体。

But mucus contains mucins, antimicrobial peptides, antibodies, and even bacteria-hungry viruses called bacteriophages that all work together to prevent biofilms from forming.

但黏液中包含黏蛋白，抗肽，抗体，还有能吞噬病毒，叫做噬体。这些成分协同作用防止生物膜生成。

More specialized vectors have been engineered to use aspects of plasmids and bacteriophages, such as the plasmid-bacteriophage h hybrids known as cosmids

质粒和噬体已经在很多种类中被使用来表达基因，并且一些噬体也许已经被用来将DNA整到宿主基因组上。

They have no cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, or functional organelles, but they can infect all types of cells and numerous viruses can also infect bacteria, which are called bacteriophages.

虽然没有胞膜、胞质和功能性胞器，但它们可以感染所有类型胞；许多病毒也能感染，这类病毒也被称为噬体。

Viruses and bacteriophages are not capable of metabolic activity on their own, so instead, they invade other cells and use their metabolic machinery to produce more viral molecules, nucleic acid, and proteins, which then assemble into new viruses.

众多病毒、噬体不能独立进行代谢活动，因此，它们侵入其它胞，利用胞代谢机制来制造更多病毒颗粒、核酸和蛋白质，然后再将这些组装成新病毒。

Others can screen for bacterial infections like the deadly MRSA. Or these bacteriophages could eventually be used as phage therapy, instead of antibiotics: to target, infect, and kill certain harmful bacteria without destroying our friendly microbes.

其他人可以筛查感染，如致命 MRSA。或者这些噬体最终可以用作噬体疗法，而不是抗生素：在不破坏我们友好微生物情况下靶向、感染和杀死某些有害。