Julius, he started with a cDNA library, it's called, it's copies out of all proteins that are synthesized in a cell.

朱利叶斯从 cDNA 文库开始，它是从细胞中合成的所有蛋白质中复制出来的。

Once we've got the cDNA, the steps of RT-PCR are pretty much the same as PCR.

旦我们获得了互补DNA，RT-PCR之后的步骤便和PCR相似。

RNA is complimentary to DNA though, so if an RNA strand has a nucleotide sequence 3' - A A G U C C A G U - 5', then the complimentary DNA or cDNA would be 5' - T T C A G G T C A - 3'.

但RNA与DNA之间互补，所以RNA拥有下核苷酸序列：3' - A A G U C C A G U - 5'，那么与之互补的DNA便是5' - T T C A G G T C A - 3'。

Taq polymerase is used to amplify the cDNA through denaturation, annealing and extension steps.

Taq聚合酶通过变性、退火、延伸等步骤用于扩增cDNA。

If the viral RNA is present, the primers attach to the RNA strand and then reverse transcriptase synthesizes a cDNA strand.

存在相关病毒RNA，引物便会与RNA单结合，之后逆转录酶将会合成互补DNA。

So this antisense cDNA, it binds to the gene's RNA message and that basically blocks the cell from being able to produce the protein it was supposed to make.

所以这个反义 cDNA 与基因的 RNA 信息结合，基本上阻止了细胞能够产生它应该制造的蛋白质。

Initially, production in bacteria was the only route available and cDNA clones were used as they contained no introns.

cDNA需要与原核生物的转录和翻译信号相连，并且需要插入多拷贝的质粒。

This antisense cDNA, it's like the mirror image of that code.

这个反义cDNA, 就像是那个代码的镜像。