These changes may increase pathogenic organisms or their activity causing a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries or periodontal diseases.

这些改变可能会增加致病微生物的数量或提高其活性，从而导致诸如龋齿、牙周疾病等一系列口腔感染性疾病。

That's the stage when individuals usually experience pain, although pain can also occur when the caries lesion involves the dentin layer since sensory nerve fibers travel through tubules in the dentin.

在这个阶段，患者常会感到疼痛，但牙本质层受累产生龋坏时也可能有疼痛产生，为感觉神经也分布在牙本质的管道。

However, moderate consumption of red wine may enhance oral health, because it contains a mixture of organic acids that are active against oral streptococci responsible for caries development and streptococcus pyogenes responsible for pharyngitis.

不过，适量饮用红葡萄酒可能会增进口腔健康，为红葡萄酒含有一种有机酸混合物可以有效抑制导致龋齿的口腔链球菌以及导致咽炎的化脓性链球菌。

So, treatment of dental caries disease depends on the level of risk, more specifically, reducing the pathogenic risk factors like antibacterial rinses to get rid of bacteria and increasing protective factors like products that mimic saliva.

所以龋齿的治疗是由风险的高低决定的，包括减少致病子，例如用抗菌剂冲洗以去除细菌，增加子，例如使用唾液类似物。

So a sugar-rich diet and frequent snacks can lead to dental caries while a diet with increased fibers foods and diary products help maintain a healthy balance in the oral microbiota.

高糖饮食和经常吃零食，会导致龋齿；而富含高膳食纤维和奶制品的饮食，有助于维持口腔微生物群的健康平衡。

Symptoms of dental caries include tooth pain and sensitivity, especially when chewing or drinking something that's cold or hot, or sweet.

龋齿的症状包括疼痛和敏感，尤其在咀嚼或饮用冰、热、甜的东西时。

Ultimately, these restorative treatments are useful, but they alone don't resolve the underlying cause of the caries lesion and can't prevent new caries lesions from forming.

归根结底，这些修复方法虽然有效，但不能去除潜在的致病素，也不能预龋齿再次形成。

Alcohol can lead to an increase in Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans which can lead to dental caries.

饮酒会导致变异链球菌等革兰氏阳性菌的数量增多，从而引发龋齿。

This alteration can disrupt the bacterial equilibrium in the oral cavity by increasing harmful bacteria and decreasing the beneficial ones, thus leading to a series of oral infectious diseases such as dental caries, or periodontal diseases.

这种改变会增加有害菌、减少有益菌，从而破坏口腔的细菌平衡，导致龋齿、牙周疾病等一系列口腔感染性疾病的发生。

It's worth mentioning that formation of a caries lesion doesn't have to begin with the enamel of the crown.

值得一提的是龋齿的缺损，并不一定从牙冠部的牙釉质开始。

If the enamel surface is intact, then the caries lesion can be treated without drilling a tooth and instead using chemical remineralization.

如果牙釉质表面完整，使用化学再矿化剂就可以治愈龋齿，而不需要在牙齿上钻孔了。

An advanced caries lesion can progress to a point where the tooth surface forms a cavitation or a hole, which is the physical evidence of tooth breakdown.

龋洞进一步发展会导致牙齿表面形成洞穴，是牙齿损坏的实证。

You could just flax up the phone and find someone verneer by who caries.

你可以直接打开电话，然后找一个有龋齿的人。

Something to remember is using toothpaste without fluoride is not effective against dental caries.

需要记住的是，使用不含氟的牙膏对预龋齿是无效的。

The only reason you need to put the fluoride in the water is because the sugar in the food causes the dental caries.

你之所以需要在水加氟，唯一的原就是食物的糖分导致了蛀牙。

One factor that tips the balance towards caries progression is having less bicarbonate-rich saliva, which can result from conditions like Sjogren syndrome, radiation treatment for cancer, gastric reflux, or as a side effect of a medication or recreational drugs.

可以打破致病素与保素的平衡使龋齿进展的一个原是含有丰富碳酸氢盐的唾液减少，见于Sjogren综合征、癌症放疗、胃反流或毒品带来的副作用。

The predominantreason of dental caries is inadequate oral hygiene, which consequently results in irreversible and permanent harm to tooth mineralized tissues.

牙龈病变的主要原是口腔卫生不足, 从而对牙齿矿化组织造成不可逆转的永久性伤害。

The most effective measure to prevent dental caries is to brush your teeth twice a day after the breakfast and before going to bed with a fluoride toothpaste.

预龋齿最有效的措施是每天至少两次使用含氟牙膏刷牙，即早餐后和睡觉前。

That environment favors bacteria like mutans streptococci and Lactobacillus, which demineralize enamel and the dentin beneath it, and if untreated, it can eventually result in a cavitated caries lesion.

酸性环境下的优势菌例如变形链球菌和乳酸杆菌，可以食牙釉质及其下层的牙本质脱矿，如果不加以治疗，最终会形成空洞型龋齿。

It's always ideal to prevent a caries lesion from forming in the first place, and it starts with a risk assessment for identifying individuals at high risk of caries.

预龋齿形成永远是最理想的治疗方法，首先要进行评估筛选出有患龋齿高危素的人群。