The outer layer of a beetle's body is made of this super stiff polymer called chitin.

甲虫身体由一种叫做甲壳超硬聚合物制成。

But insects and crustaceans build exoskeletons made from chains of modified sugars called chitin.

但昆虫和甲壳类动物骨骼由被称为甲壳修饰糖链制成。

And these special nanostructure arrangements make chitin exoskeletons incredibly tough for their weight.

这些特殊纳米结构排列使甲壳骨骼相对于它们重量惊人地坚固。

Through chemical processes, all that chitin can be turned into chitosan, which is where The Shellworks comes in.

经过化处理后，所有几丁质转变成壳聚糖，这时候 The Shellworks 登场。

These are made of a naturally occurring polymer called chitin, which is a polymer you find in most insect and crustacean exoskeletons.

这些鳞片由一种叫做甲壳天然聚合物构成，而在大多数昆虫和甲壳类动物骨骼中都能找到这种甲壳聚合物。

And chitin is also the  basis for arthropod exoskeletons.

几丁质也节肢动物骨骼基础。

These special nanostructure arrangements make chitin exoskeletons incredibly tough for their weight.

这些特殊纳米结构排列使几丁质骨骼相对于它们重量来说非常坚韧。

18. And here's where chitin comes in.

这就来源。

Fungi support their cell walls  with a starchy polymer called chitin.

真菌用一种叫做几丁质淀粉质聚合物来支撑它们细胞壁。

And that's thanks in part to a substance in their cell walls called chitin.

而这某种程度上要感谢它们细胞壁中一种叫做物质。

If you were to zoom into a lobster's shell on the microscopic scale you'd see chitin crystals arranged like stacks of plywood.

如果你在微观尺度上放大龙虾壳，你会看到甲壳晶体像胶合板堆一样排列。

By weight, chitin accounts for about 30% of the shell, and it's also the case that with lobsters, they're eaten out the restaurant.

重量上，龙虾壳30％几丁质，但龙虾在餐厅里食用。

They jumped ship, leaving the chitin rafts  behind to be full-time photosynthetic drifters.

他们跳船，留下几丁质筏，成为全职光合作用漂流者。

Structurally they have more in common with animals in that they build their cells from chitin, a material that gives them their distinctive texture.

从结构上说，它们与动物有着更多共同点，因为它们几丁质构建自己细胞。那种材料使用其质地与众不同。

Plus, they were covered from their rounded heads to their many segmented feet in an exoskeleton made of calcite and chitin.

此，它们从圆圆脑袋到许多分段脚都被方解石和几丁质制成骨骼所覆盖。

A piece of chocolate, you are allowed bits of insect chitin in the chocolate because they do fall in, they get everywhere.

一块巧克力， 你可以在巧克力中加入一些昆虫几丁质， 因为它们确实会掉进去，到处都。

Believe it or not, the only other place chitin is found in abundance is in the exoskeletons of insects, crabs, and such!

信不信由你，唯一能发现丰富其他地方只有昆虫、螃蟹之类骨骼中。

The first clue to the chitin raft hypothesis  was something the researchers stumbled onto by accident while studying modern  picocyanobacteria in the lab.

几丁质筏假说第一个线索研究人员在实验室研究现代微微蓝细菌时偶然发现。

We found this biopolymer inside crustacean shells called chitin that you can treat in a certain way to extract and actually make a bioplastic from those shells.

我们发现甲壳动物壳里几丁质可以用适当方法萃取，那最终就可以用这些贝壳做生物塑料。

This is also right around the time when  arthropods were expanding in the oceans, too, flooding the place with bits of chitin.

这也正节肢动物在海洋中扩张时期，海洋中充满了几丁质。