Structurally they have more in common with animals in that they build their cells from chitin, a material that gives them their distinctive texture.

从结，它们与动物有着更多的共同点，因为它们是几丁质建自己的细胞的。那种材料使用其质地与众不同。

These are made of a naturally occurring polymer called chitin, which is a polymer you find in most insect and crustacean exoskeletons.

这些鳞片是由一种叫甲素的天然聚合物的，而在大多数昆虫和甲类动物的外骨骼中都能找到这种甲素的聚合物。

Through chemical processes, all that chitin can be turned into chitosan, which is where The Shellworks comes in.

经过化学处理后，所有的几丁质转变聚糖，这时候 The Shellworks 登场。

The outer layer of a beetle's body is made of this super stiff polymer called chitin.

甲虫身体的外层是由一种叫甲素的超硬聚合物制的。

So at that stage, instead of having a new skin underneath it that looks like a caterpillar, the next skin is really the cuticle made of chitin of that chrysalis stage.

所以在那个阶段，它们不是有一个看起来像毛毛虫的新皮肤，下一层皮肤实际是由蛹阶段的几丁质制的角质层。

We found this biopolymer inside crustacean shells called chitin that you can treat in a certain way to extract and actually make a bioplastic from those shells.

我们发现甲动物里的几丁质可以用适当的方法萃取，那最终就可以用这些生物塑料。

Chitin is the second-most abundant organic material on earth.

几丁质是地球第二丰富的有机材料。

But insects and crustaceans build exoskeletons made from chains of modified sugars called chitin.

但是昆虫和甲类动物的外骨骼是由被称为甲素的修饰糖链制的。

By weight, chitin accounts for about 30% of the shell, and it's also the case that with lobsters, they're eaten out the restaurant.

重量，龙虾的30％是几丁质，但是龙虾是在餐厅里食用的。

If you were to zoom into a lobster's shell on the microscopic scale you'd see chitin crystals arranged like stacks of plywood.

如果你在微观尺度放大龙虾的，你会看到甲素晶体像胶合板堆一样排列。

Chitin is molecularly similar to the cellulose we find in plants, but it's harder and more stable.

甲素在分子与我们在植物中发现的纤维素相似，但它更硬、更稳定。

And these special nanostructure arrangements make chitin exoskeletons incredibly tough for their weight.

这些特殊的纳米结排列使甲素外骨骼相对于它们的重量惊人地坚固。

These special nanostructure arrangements make chitin exoskeletons incredibly tough for their weight.

这些特殊的纳米结排列使得几丁质外骨骼异常坚固，重量却很轻。

But it's actually made up of another chemical called chitin.

但实际它是由另一种化学物质——几丁质的。

Lobsters, crabs, scorpions and spiders are other animals with an exoskeleton made of chitin.

龙虾、螃蟹、蝎子和蜘蛛是其他具有由几丁质制的外骨骼的动物。

[Tim] So at that stage, instead of having a new skin underneath it that looks like a caterpillar, the next skin is really the cuticle made of chitin of that chrysalis stage.

而是由几丁质的蛹的角质层。

This layer of chitin covers almost the entire body, with the exception of the joints and the underside of the neck, and is also extremely resistant to small arms fire.

这层几丁质几乎覆盖了整个身体，除了关节和脖子下面， 而且对小武器射击也有极强的抵抗力。

A piece of chocolate, you are allowed bits of insect chitin in the chocolate because they do fall in, they get everywhere.

一块巧克力， 你可以在巧克力中加入一些昆虫几丁质， 因为它们确实会掉进去，到处都是。

The first clue to the chitin raft hypothesis  was something the researchers stumbled onto by accident while studying modern  picocyanobacteria in the lab.

几丁质筏假的第一个线索是研究人员在实验室研究现代微囊蓝细菌时偶然发现的。

And that's thanks in part to a substance in their cell walls called chitin.

而这某种程度要感谢它们细胞壁中一种叫角素的物质。