In that paper he showed that choline, a molecule found in eggs and meat, is digested by some gut bacteria to produce trimethylamine, which is then processed in the liver to create trimethylamine N-oxide, or TMAO—a substance that encourages atherosclerosis.

在那篇文章中，他说胆碱（一种存在于蛋和肉类中的分子）被某些肠道细菌消化成三，然后三在肝脏中转化为氧化三（TMAO），是一种有助于引发动脉粥样硬化的物质。

The good news is that another compound called betaine might be able to do some of the work of choline.

好消息是，另一种叫做甜菜碱的化合物可能能起到胆碱的部分作用。

Unfortunately the consequence of leaving choline out of IV nutrition was that the subjects often developed fatty liver.

不幸的是，如果静脉注射液中缺乏胆碱，病人往往会长出脂肪肝。

Choline wasn't officially recognized as an essential nutrient by the Institute of Medicine until 1998.

但直到1998年，胆碱才正式被医学研究所认定为人体必需营养素。

So the other thing about TMAO to know is that certain types of gut bacteria metabolize choline and carnitine into TMAO whereas others don't.

另外需要了解的是，某些肠道菌群可将胆碱和左旋肉碱代谢成氧化三，另一些肠道菌群则不能。

And in the meantime, lecithin is a useful plant-based source of choline which can be bought as a supplement.

同，脂是一种有用的植物性胆碱来源，可以作为补充剂购买。

It was found in 1995 that choline deficiency results in fatty liver and that choline supplementation reverses it.

研究者在1995年发现，缺乏胆碱会导致脂肪肝，但也可以通过补充胆碱来逆转。

Your body uses choline to produce a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which plays key roles in learning, memory, attention, motivation, and healthy sleep.

你的身体使用胆碱产一种叫做乙酰胆碱的神经递质，它在学习、记忆、注意力、动力和健康睡眠中起着关键作用。

The amount of choline in the diet influences how much acetylcholine is available in the brain and central nervous system.

饮食中胆碱的含量会影响大脑和中枢神经系统中乙酰胆碱的含量。

And you've got choline, which is also critically important for your brain.

此外，还有胆碱，对大脑也至关重要。

Okay, it's an active metabolite of choline.

好的，它是胆碱的活性代谢物。

The top source of choline in the standard American diet, and yet 90% of adults today don't consume the adequate intake for choline on a daily basis.

标准美国饮食中胆碱的主要来源，然而当今90%的成年人每天并没有摄入足够的胆碱。

It turns out that choline chloride, a DES ingredient which specifically leaches out lithium, is an excellent absorber of microwaves.

事实证明，氯化胆碱（一种能专门滤出锂的 DES 成分）是一种极好的微波吸收剂。

Another brain-healthy nutrient found most abundantly in animal foods is choline, found in liver, egg yolks, beef, and oily fish.

另一种在动物性食物中含量最多的对大脑有益的营养物质是胆碱，胆碱存在于肝脏、蛋黄、牛肉和油性鱼类中。

Under normal conditions, cholinergic neurons in the brain, synthesize acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and choline, in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT).

正常情况下，大脑中的胆碱能神经元从乙酰辅酶A（乙酰辅酶A）和胆碱，由胆碱酶催化的反应乙酰转移酶（CAT）。

Meat is high in protein and nutrients like choline, which helps with memory, mood and muscle control.

肉类富含蛋白质和胆碱等营养素，有助于记忆、情绪和肌肉控制。

We know that choline is one of the most important nutrients.

我们知道胆碱是最重要的营养素之一。

But what I'm getting at is like some days I'll take two caps of choline CDP.

我想说的是，有些日子我会服用两粒胆碱CDP胶囊。

Found in liver, egg yolks, beef and oily fish, your body uses choline to produce a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which plays key roles in learning, memory, attention, motivation and healthy sleep.

胆碱存在于肝脏、蛋黄、牛肉和油性鱼类中，你的身体利用胆碱来成一种名为乙酰胆碱的神经递质，它在学习、记忆、注意力、动力和健康睡眠中起着关键作用。

And then maybe you throw in something like CDP, choline or alpha GPC, and you're gonna have a really fun time, whatever you're doing with work.

然后你可能还会加入一些像CDP胆碱或αGPC样的东西，样不管你是在做什么工作，都会变得非常有趣。