The 3 base codes are known as codons. So GGT is a " codon" for Glycine.

这三个碱编码被称为密码子。所以 GGT 是甘“密码子”。

Three base codons on the mRNA code for one amino acid.

一个 mRNA 编码上三个碱密码子。

The words in which the instructions are written are called codons, and the letters are known as bases.

指令中所写单词被称为密码子，单词中一个个字母被称为碱。

The genetic code is a rulebook that defines which codon encodes which amino acid.

遗传密码是一本规则手册，它定义了哪个密码子编码哪个。

So, for example, the triplet codon TCG encodes the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，三联密码子 TCG 编码。

So, for example, the amino acid serine is encoded by six different triplet codons.

因此，例如，由六个不同三联体密码子编码。

And triplet codons that encode the same amino acid are defined as synonymous codons.

编码相同三联体密码子被定义为同义密码子。

And this means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon.

这意味着大多数由不止一个三联体密码子编码。

And the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

DNA 中三联体密码子顺序编码了蛋白质中组成部分顺序。

For example, does life need six different codons, which all code for the amino acid serine?

例如，生命是否需要六个不同密码子，它们都编码？

Specifically, we could remove components of the translational machinery, specific tRNAs, that normally read the codons that we've removed from the genome.

具体来说，我们可以移除转化体系成分，即特定转运 RNA，它们通常会读取我们从因组中移除密码子。

And it's the translational machinery of cells that reads the triplet codons and builds the corresponding sequence of amino acids.

是细胞翻译机器读取三联体密码子并构建相应序列。

The specific sequence of these bases into groups of three, known as codons, gives our cells instructions to make each of the proteins in our bodies.

这些碱特定序列分为三个一组， 称为密码子，为我们细胞提供指令以制造我们体内每一种蛋白质。

Recall that the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

回想一下，DNA 中三联体密码子顺序编码了蛋白质中构建块顺序。

We asked whether life needs multiple synonymous codons to encode a single amino acid.

我们询问生命是否需要多个同义密码子来编码单个。

By translating the 1's and 0's of binary code into DNA codons, digital data could be programmed into synthetic DNA, then decoded back into its original form.

通过将二进制代码 1 和 0 翻译成 DNA 密码子，数字数据可以被编程为合成 DNA，然后解码回其原始形式。

Now, the key point here is that we've created a cell that no longer reads all the codons in the near-universal genetic code.

现在，这里关键点是我们已经创建了一个不再读取近乎通用遗传密码中所有密码子细胞。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 中三联体密码子顺序，我们可以改变我们在生成聚合物中编程化学构件顺序。

DNA is composed of four bases: A, T, G and C. And triplets of these bases, known as codons, encode each of the amino acid building blocks in proteins.

DNA由四个碱组成：A、T、G和C。这些碱三联体，被称为密码子，编码蛋白质中每个组成部分。

But viruses are unable to make copies of themselves in our new organism because our new organism doesn't have the machinery to read all the codons in the DNA of the virus.

但是病毒无法在我们新生物体中复制自己，因为我们新生物体没有读取病毒 DNA 中所有密码子机制。