Three base codons on the mRNA code for one amino acid.

个氨基酸 mRNA 编码上三个碱基码子。

The 3 base codes are known as codons. So GGT is a " codon" for Glycine.

这三个碱基编码被称为码子。所以 GGT 是甘氨酸“码子”。

The words in which the instructions are written are called codons, and the letters are known as bases.

指令所写单词被称为码子，单词个个字母被称为碱基。

The paper gives some fascinating examples. Evo2 can accurately predict the three-base periodicity pattern of codons.

这篇论文提供了些引人入例子。Evo2可以准确预测码子三碱基周期性模式。

Sometimes, the third base in a codon can vary without changing which amino acid it codes for.

有，码子第三个碱基可以发生变化，而不会改变它编码氨基酸。

The genetic code is a rulebook that defines which codon encodes which amino acid.

遗传码是本规则手册，它定义了哪个码子编码哪个氨基酸。

So, for example, the triplet codon TCG encodes the amino acid serine.

因此，例如，三联码子 TCG 编码氨基酸丝氨酸。

And this means that most amino acids are encoded by more than one triplet codon.

这意味着大多数氨基酸由不止个三联体码子编码。

And the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

DNA 三联体码子顺序编码了蛋白质氨基酸组成部分顺序。

So, for example, the amino acid serine is encoded by six different triplet codons.

因此，例如，氨基酸丝氨酸由六个不同三联体码子编码。

Specifically, we could remove components of the translational machinery, specific tRNAs, that normally read the codons that we've removed from the genome.

具体来说，我们可以移除转化体系成分，即特定转运 RNA，它们通常会读取我们从基因组移除码子。

And triplet codons that encode the same amino acid are defined as synonymous codons.

编码相同氨基酸三联体码子被定义为同义码子。

For example, does life need six different codons, which all code for the amino acid serine?

例如，生命是否需要六个不同码子，它们都编码氨基酸丝氨酸？

The specific sequence of these bases into groups of three, known as codons, gives our cells instructions to make each of the proteins in our bodies.

这些碱基特定序列分为三个组， 称为码子，为我们细胞提供指令以制造我们体内每种蛋白质。

Recall that the order of triplet codons in DNA encodes the order of amino acid building blocks in a protein.

回想下，DNA 三联体码子顺序编码了蛋白质氨基酸构建块顺序。

And it's the translational machinery of cells that reads the triplet codons and builds the corresponding sequence of amino acids.

是细胞翻译机器读取三联体码子并构建相应氨基酸序列。

By translating the 1's and 0's of binary code into DNA codons, digital data could be programmed into synthetic DNA, then decoded back into its original form.

通过将二进制代码 1 和 0 翻译成 DNA 码子，数字数据可以被编程为合成 DNA，然后解码回其原始形式。

By changing the order of the triplet codons in the synthetic DNA, we can change the order of the chemical building blocks that we program into the resulting polymer.

通过改变合成 DNA 三联体码子顺序，我们可以改变我们在生成聚合物编程化学构件顺序。

We asked whether life needs multiple synonymous codons to encode a single amino acid.

我们询问生命是否需要多个同义码子来编码单个氨基酸。

Now, the key point here is that we've created a cell that no longer reads all the codons in the near-universal genetic code.

现在，这里关键点是我们已经创建了个不再读取近乎通用遗传码所有码子细胞。