So cofactor means used coenzyme, used but not consumed, recycled, that's 99% of it.

此，辅的是被使用的辅酶，使用但不消耗，可循环利用，这部分占了99%。

NAD, short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a coenzyme that occurs naturally in human cells.

NAD， 即烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的缩写，是一种天存在于人体细胞中的辅酶。

And then we're going to have coenzymes and those are going to be organic.

我们会谈到辅酶，它们是有机的。

An example of a coenzyme would be thiamine.

辅酶的一个例是硫胺素。

So that's like coenzyme Q10 and let's say vitamin B2, because it helps with the assembly of the complexes.

所以这就像辅酶Q10， 还有比如维生素B2，为它有助于复合物的组装。

Those that are called cofactors and those that are called coenzymes.

那些被称为辅的，以及那些被称为辅酶的。

Some, like many of the B Complex vitamins, make up coenzymes, whose job it is to help enzymes release the energy from food.

有些维他命，比如B族，能生成辅酶，它帮助酶从食物中释放出能量。

Then the pyruvate can't be converted into acetyl coenzyme A. So it's not entering into the TCA cycle.

酮酸就不能转化为乙酰辅酶A。所以它不会进入三羧酸循环。

And so the two types are cofactors, coenzymes.

此，这两类分别是辅、辅酶。

So these are like compounds and it may be even like coenzyme Q10 and a little bit of creatine monohydrate.

这些就像复合物，可能是辅酶Q10，还有一点肌酸单水合物。

But basically what happens is once we have the cofactors and the coenzymes now we have an enzyme that can actually function.

但基本上就是，一旦我们有了辅和辅酶，我们现在就拥有了一个能够正常工作的酶。

So NAD and NADH, it just like interconverts or coenzyme Q10, the reduced form, the oxidized form, it's just going to interconvert.

此，NAD和NADH，就像辅酶Q10一样，其还原态与氧化态之间会相互转化。

And so we use feedback loops and we use inhibitors and cofactors and coenzymes to regulate what enzymes are going off at what time.

此，我们利用反馈回路、抑制剂、辅和辅酶来调控酶在何时启动。

Under normal conditions, cholinergic neurons in the brain, synthesize acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and choline, in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT).

正常情况下，大脑中的胆碱能神经元从乙酰辅酶A（乙酰辅酶A）和胆碱，由胆碱酶催化的反应乙酰转移酶（CAT）。

But you want to make sure like you're supporting whatever the body uses by default, like coenzyme cutane, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, like those stuff should be there.

但你要确保在身体默认使用的基础上提供支持，比如辅酶Q10、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3，这些成分都应具备。