Those hormones in turn tell the gallbladder to contract and squirt bile through the cystic and bile ducts into the duodenum.

这些激素反过来告诉囊收缩并过囊和管将喷射到十二指肠。

The cholecystokinin makes its way to the gallbladder, the thin walled, green sac snuggling up against the liver, and signals it to squeeze out some bile through the cystic and bile ducts into the small intestine.

当囊收缩素到达囊（即位于右方肋骨下肝脏后方的梨形囊袋构造），囊在激素信息的指引下开始收缩，将过囊管和管排入小肠内。

Breath from Salt by Bijal Trivedi. It's about cystic fibrosis which is a disease that affects over 10,000 kids in the U.S.

《盐的呼吸》作者碧周·翠瓦狄，这是本关于囊性纤维化疾病的书，这种疾病影响了美国超过1万名儿童。

Instead, one idea is to use this technique to help cystic fibrosis patients.

相反，其中一种想法是，利用这项技术帮助囊性纤维病患者。

Well, the gallbladder is a tiny little bag that lives underneath the right lobe of the liver. As you can see here, it's attached via the cystic duct to the common bile duct.

嗯，囊是一个很小的小袋，位于肝右叶下方正如你在这里看到的，它过囊管连接到总管。

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that causes scarring of the pancreas, while pulmonary fibrosis is a scarring of the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath.

囊肿性纤维化是一种会在胰腺上产生伤疤的遗传疾病，而肺纤维化则是在肺上产生伤疤从而形成呼吸困难。

In severe cystic acne cases, stronger retinoids actually work at the deeper layers of skin to reduce the size of the oil glands so they produce less sebum.

囊性痤疮严重时，药效强劲的类维生素A实际上作用于皮肤的，它可以缩减皮脂腺的尺寸，从而减少皮脂的分泌。

And general causes include chronic illness, like cystic fibrosis or celiac disease, excessive exercise, malnutrition or obesity, and stress - all of which affect the way the hypothalamus and pituitary release hormones.

而一般病因包括囊性纤维病、乳糜泻等慢性病、运动过度、营养不良、肥胖以及精神压力等，以上因素都会对下丘脑和垂体释放激素的方式产生影响。

One or more of these could move toward trials in the next few years, says Riley, including one for multi-resistant tuberculosis and another for pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis patients.

赖利说，其中一种或多种药物有望在未来几年进入临床试验阶段，其中一种用于治疗耐多药结核病，另一种用于治疗囊性纤维化患者的肺部感染。

The treatment, which counteracts the effects of a genetic mutation carried by 90% of Cystic fibrosis patients, comes 30 years after researchers identified the gene behind the disease.

在研究人员确定该疾病背后的基因30年后，该疗法抵消了90%的囊性纤维化患者所携带的基因突变的影响。

We are finding mucus is compromised in a number of diseases or conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease, cystic fibrosis, certain forms of dental cavity formation, certain forms of infertility.

我们发现，黏液在多种疾病或状况中受到损害，包括炎症性肠病、囊性纤维化、某些形式的龋齿形成以及某些形式的不孕。

CF is an autosomal recessive disorder involving the CFTR gene, which stands for " cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, " and this gene codes for the CFTR protein.

CF是一种常染色体隐形遗传病，涉及CFTR基因；CFTR代表跨膜传导调节基因，它编码了CFTR蛋白。

For example, an ultrasound can show congenital issues like cystic hygroma, cardiac defects, and horseshoe kidney, and a fasting blood glucose test can help detect diabetes.

例如，超声波可以显示一些先天性问题，如囊性水瘤、心脏缺陷与马蹄肾，而空腹血糖测试可以帮助发现糖尿病。

With that idea in mind, researchers looked at biofilm-assembling bacteria notorious for causing infections in the urinary tract and the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis.

怀着这一理念，研究人员观察了生物膜集合的细菌，而它们因能导致尿路感染和肺部囊细胞纤维症而臭名昭著。

Editing the unhealthy cells of those suffering from genetic diseases such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis will alleviate their suffering.

编辑那些患有杜氏肌营养不良和囊性纤维化等遗传疾病的人的不健康细胞将减轻患者痛苦。

The variation present in most non-Africans with cystic fibrosis is responsible for only about 30% of cases in people of African origin.

基因突变引起的囊性纤维化是大多数非非洲人心力衰竭的原因，因这一遗传原因发病的非洲人只有30%。

These discoveries, fascinating in and of themselves, also pave the way for new approaches to treating infections in those with cystic fibrosis.

这些发现本身就很极具吸引力，也为治疗囊性纤维症患者感染的新方法铺平了道路。

Our first season is about a pathologist named Dorothy Andersen, the first person to identify cystic fibrosis in a patient in the 1930s.

我们第一级介绍的是病理学家 Dorothy Andersen，她在上世纪30年代首次在患者中发现囊细胞纤维化。

In fact, the term cystic fibrosis refers to the pancreatic cysts and fibrosis that develop in patients with mutations in the CFTR gene.

事实上，“囊性纤维化”这个概念是指在CFTR基因突变患者中发生的胰腺囊肿和纤维化。

Janet and Francis Murnaghan complained that the rules discriminated against their daughter Sarah, a ten-year-old being treated for cystic fibrosis in Philadelphia.

珍妮特·莫纳汉和弗朗西斯·莫纳汉夫妇抱怨这样的规定对他们十岁的女儿萨拉不公平。萨拉正在费城接受囊性纤维病的治疗。