The diagnosis was established readily on IVU, cystoscopy, retrograde pyeloureterography or dye studies.

联合IVU、胱镜、逆行输尿管肾盂造影及染料染检查确诊。

The main diagnostic methods included cystoscopy,retrograde ureteropyelography and ureteroscopy.24 patients received operation(with 5 surgical choices)and the 5 year survival rate was 59.1%.

24例患者分别接受5种手术治。5存率为59.1%。