Abstract : Microwave-assisted chemical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes, with undecyl groups decomposed from lauroyl peroxides was reported.
There were some changes in the dominant species, but mountaintop microbes decomposed dead grass just as well as desert microbiomes in the hot, dry climate.
That log is being decomposed by bacteria, among other things, that take in oxygen, and release CO2. But in the Carboniferous, those wood-eating bacteria didn't exist yet.