So we're going from a diploid organism to a tetraploid organism.

因此，我们正从二倍体生物转变为四倍体生物。

Now what eventually happens, eventually this organism can't interbreed with the normally diploid organism.

最终，这种生物将无法与正常的二倍体生物进行交配繁殖。

I also in this video want to talk about how we control the creation of diploid cells.

我在这个视频中我们是如何控制二倍体胞的产生的。

When a sperm fuses with an egg, they make a diploid cell, which has all the genetic instructions required to make a baby.

与卵融合时，它们会产生二倍体胞，它具有制造婴儿所需的所有遗传指令。

How do we go from a diploid cell eventually to a haploid cell?

我们是如何从二倍体胞最终变成单倍体胞的？

They'll divide in half, so this would be our mitosis phase and now we have two diploid cells.

它们会分成两半，所以这就是我们的有丝分裂阶段， 现在我们有了两个二倍体胞。

When the membranes of the two pronuclei rupture, chromosomes go flying, and boom, you officially have a diploid zygote, which almost immediately starts mitosis.

两个原核的胞膜破裂时，染色体飞舞，嘣，你正式有了一个二倍体合，它几乎立即开始有丝分裂。

And so a diploid cell is going to be a typical human cell, or a typical cell inside an organism.

二倍体胞就是典型的一个人体胞，或者是一个生物体内典型的胞。

That diploid cell can enter into the cell cycle again, make more cells and more cells and more cells.

那个二倍体胞可以再次进入胞周期，制造更多的胞， 源源不断地产生新的胞。

And so now we're back to a diploid cell and that diploid cell can enter into the cell cycle.

现在我们回到了二倍体胞，这个二倍体胞可以进入胞周期。

And so the cell cycle will take a diploid cell make two diploid cells in mitosis or make four haploid cells in meiosis.

胞周期会将一个二倍体胞通过有丝分裂产生两个二倍体胞，或者通过减数分裂产生四个单倍体胞。

And so the goal of the cell cycle in mitosis is to make a copy of that cell in other words to make a diploid cell.

因此，胞周期中有丝分裂的目标就是复制该胞，换句话说，就是产生一个二倍体胞。

In meiosis we're going to take a normal diploid cell and we're actually going to make a haploid cell, we're going to make sperm and egg.

在减数分裂过程中， 我们会从一个正常的二倍体胞开始， 最终制造出单倍体胞，即和卵。

The reason that finding might matter to us, is that recent studies in mice and zebra fish have shown that hearts with more diploid cells—like a zebra fish's—are able to regenerate and heal themselves.

这一发现可能对我们很重要的原因是，最近对小鼠和斑马鱼的研究表明， 具有更多二倍体胞的心脏（如斑马鱼的心脏）能够再生和自我修复。