The small intestine has three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

小肠分为三个部分，分别为十二指肠、空肠回肠。

Now, the duodenum communicates with the stomach in the last phase of gastric regulation that we talked about in the last episode — the intestinal phase.

现在，十二指肠在我们上集讨论过的胃调节的最后一个阶段和胃交流——肠道阶段。

Cholecystokinin stimulates acinar cells in the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes that travel through the pancreatic ducts and into the duodenum.

胆囊收缩素也能刺激胰腺的腺泡细胞产生消化酶；消化酶从胰腺导管排出，进入十二指肠。

Following breakdown of food in the stomach, iron is released, and then it's absorbed in the small intestine - specifically, the duodenum.

随着食物在胃内分，铁释放出来，接着被小肠吸收，确切说在十二指肠。

But the duodenum is what you might call the business end of the small intestine.

但十二指肠所说的小肠的业务端。

Then, it's sent to the first portion of the small intestine, which is called the duodenum.

然后它进入小肠的第一部分，即十二指肠。

Normally, trypsinogen isn't activated until it is cleaved by protease enteropeptidase which is found in the duodenum.

通常情况下，胰蛋白酶原在被十二指肠中的肠肽酶切割之后才会被激活。

This is where the duodenum lets the stomach know, with hormones and nerve signals, when and how much chyme to release so it doesn't get overwhelmed all at once.

这十二指肠通过荷尔蒙和神经信号让胃知道什么时候释放多少食糜，这样它不会一下子被压垮。

As a result, the gallbladder wall can actually adhere to a nearby structure, most commonly at the duodenum, but occasionally to the stomach, colon, and jejunum.

胆囊壁会因而粘附周围脏器，最常见的十二指肠，有时也会粘附胃、结肠和空肠。

The pancreas is a long, skinny gland the length of a dollar bill, snuggled around by the duodenum.

它一个细长的腺体，约等于一美元纸币的长度，位于十二指肠周围。

It gets the signal when chyme slides into the duodenum, which activates the enteroendocrine cells to release a pair of hormones.

当食糜滑入十二指肠时，它会得到信号，这会激活肠内分泌细胞释放一对激素。

Those hormones in turn tell the gallbladder to contract and squirt bile through the cystic and bile ducts into the duodenum.

这些激素反过来告诉胆囊收缩并通过胆囊和胆管将胆汁喷射到十二指肠。

So you will cut, you know, one third, which will be the duodenum.

所以会切掉大约三分之一，也十二指肠。

But the result though was this, things that would go into the stomach instead of going out into the duodenum, the small intestine, could go out of this hole, and that was the fistula.

但结果却这样：原本应进入胃中而非进入十二指肠（小肠的一部分）的物质，现在却能从这个洞口流出， 这瘘管。 从某种意义上说， 他的胃既救了他，也害了他，可怜的阿列克谢。

When the stomach and duodenum are full, the gallbladder contracts, forcing bile to pass through the cystic duct to the common bile duct and into the duodenum where it helps in digestion.

当胃和十二指肠充盈时，胆囊收缩，挤压胆汁通过胆囊管到胆总管并进入十二指肠，辅助消化。

The pancreas is along the lower curvature of the stomach, close to where it meets the first region of the small intestine, the duodenum.

5。胰腺在胃大弯附近，靠近胃小肠始段（十二指肠）相接的部位。