The buzzed participants also did worse on a test of executive control, which is a set of abilities you use when you're doing some effortful thinking, like working memory and response inhibition.

微醉的参与者进行执行控制试时，表现得也更糟糕，执行控制，是在努思考时用到的一组，比如工作记忆和反应抑制。

The second is self-regulation, which researchers refer to as 'effortful control' of feelings (eg, self-soothing) and of attention (eg, able to hold focus).

第二种是自我调节，研究人员称之为对感觉（如自我安慰）和注意（如够集中注意）的“努控制”。

But, you know, when I bench 70 kilograms that is effortful, that is when my muscles are gonna grow.

但是，知道，当我努卧推 70 公斤的时候就是我肌肉生长的时候。

So it's going to feel unnatural. It's going to feel fake and it's going to feel effortful.

所以会感觉很不自然。这会让人觉得很假，很费。

And the more we use our brains, the more effortful learning is, the more information is gonna stick.

我们使用大脑得越多，学习越努，信息就会越多。

It's, the more effortful, the more hard it feels to be learning something, the more we're actually going to be learning it.

学东西越努，感觉越难，我们学得就越多。

And I thought, yeah, okay, this is a little less effortful.

我觉得，好吧，这稍微轻松一点。

I think it's fine to be effortful.

我觉得努一点也没关系。

And then the rest of it is all for anything effortful.

然后剩下的都是为了任何需要努的事情。

Because thinking is energy intensive and effortful, we don't deeply consider problems.

由于思考耗高且费，我们不会深入考虑问题。

Like, the key is that it has to be effortful work.

关键在于，这必须是需要付出努的工作。

If it's an old friend who knows where you live, it might be an old friend that you're going to want to look kind of stunning for but not too effortful.

如果这是一个知道住在哪里的老朋友，那可是一个想看起来惊艳一些但又不太费的老朋友。

I dictate what I would like my assistants to type, as typing it for myself would be too slow and effortful.

我会口述希望助手们输入的内容，因为自己动手打字既慢又费。

A lot of what is very effortful and conscious for a novice has become automatized for someone who's an expert.

对新手来说，许多需要付出大量努且意识清晰的活动，对专家而言已经变得自动化了。

It is an effortful, not an effortless, undertaking.

这是一项需要努的工作，而不是一项不费的工作。

It is obvious, therefore, that syntopical reading is the most active and effortful kind of reading.

因此，很明显，主题阅读是最主动、最费的阅读方式。