They basically are the endothelium, the inside lining of the blood vessel floating around.

们基本上是皮，漂浮在周围血层。

And the endothelium of these capillaries is very porous.

这些毛细血皮细多孔性很强。

Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessels, to not function normally.

压力荷尔蒙皮质醇会令你循环或血中覆组织无法正常运行。

The first way is called the extrinsic pathway, which starts when tissue factor gets exposed by the injury of the endothelium.

第一种是外源性凝血途径由组织因子暴露于血壁损伤处后启动。

It also releases Sphingomyelinase C toxin, which destroys red blood cells as well as the endothelium of the capillaries, causing hemorrhage.

也能释放出鞘磷脂酶C，破坏红细和血皮细，从而导致出血。

So that means, so nitric oxide is a gas, it's produced in the endothelium.

所以这意味着，氮氧化物是一种气体，在皮中产生。

Well, LDL cholesterol can penetrate the endothelium.

嗯，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇可以穿透皮。

Even large LDL can penetrate the endothelium.

即使较大 LDL 也能穿透皮。

So the endothelium is the single layer of cells that line every blood vessel throughout the body.

因此，皮是遍布全身每条血壁单层细。

Now, small oxidized penetrates more easily, but it carries less total cholesterol and deposits less cholesterol in the endothelium.

现在， 小氧化物更容易渗透，但总胆固醇较少， 并且在皮中沉积胆固醇也较少。

During stasis, platelets and other clotting factors contact the endothelium, and prolonged interaction leads to clotting factor adhesion, and, ultimately, activation of the clotting cascade.

当血流瘀滞发生时，血小板、其他凝血因子、皮细长时间互相作用，最终导致凝血级联反应激活。

If you wanna apply the same logic of what we have this, and LDL, by the way, can cause inflammation in the endothelium.

如果你想应用与我们相同逻辑，顺便说一下， LDL 会导致皮细发炎。

After that, some platelets adhere to the damaged vessel wall, and become activated by collagen and tissue factor, proteins which are normally kept separated from the blood by an intact endothelium.

接着，血小板粘附至损伤血壁，并且被胶原和组织因子活化；这些蛋白质平常由完好血壁与血液隔离。

Finally, there's the innermost layer of the heart called the endocardium, which is made of a relatively thin layer of endothelium which is the same layer of cells that line the blood vessels.

最后，心脏最层叫心膜，由一层较薄皮细构成；与位在血壁是同一层细。

Normally, after a cut and damage to the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessel walls, there's an immediate vasoconstriction or narrowing of the blood vessel which limits the amount of blood flow.

正常情况下，血壁层皮细受到损伤后，血会立刻收缩变窄，减少血流量。

The cool thing about this layer is that it contains the endothelium, which you may remember is made up of simple squamous epithelium tissue and is continuous with the lining of the heart.

这层最酷地方是包含皮，你可能记得皮是由简单鳞状上皮组织组成，并且与心脏膜连续。

Normally, the process starts with damage to the endothelium, or inner lining of blood vessel walls, after which there's an immediate vasoconstriction or narrowing of the blood vessel which limits the amount of blood flow.

通常，这一过程开始于血皮损伤，之后立即发生血收缩，或者说通过收缩血来限制血流量。

The moment the endothelium, that is the inner lining of the red blood vessel, when it feels injury, it sends a whole cascade of markers and signals and say, " Yo, I'm like, I'm cut here."

那一刻皮，也就是红色血层，当感觉到受伤时，会发送一连串标记和信号说，“哟，我就像，我这里被割伤了。”