Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

表徵变化是正常发育的部分。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科学和表学 长达15年的合作也表明，改变可以发生，当你接受利他精神的训练时， 你的大脑会发生改变。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科学家经常使用学和表学来识别可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关的基因。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这种母源基因的沉默是种表学过程。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些表学标志物到底都做了什么目前清楚。

Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能造成表徵变化。

Epigenetics is the study of how your environment can chemically modify your genes.

表学是门研究环境如何通过化学的方式改变基因的学科。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓的表现变化信号会使肌肉更强壮。

Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny.

但是，相信事物是发展变化的人们会很高兴，因为表现学并是上天注定，难以改变的。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数表徵的标记会被去除。

But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但是即使表基因变异是令人满的，它们是永久的。

Over time, through this epigenetic reprogramming, some cells develop into heart cells, and others into liver cells.

段时间后，通过表学的重新运作，些细胞成长为心脏细胞，其他的成为肝脏细胞。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因的表沉默是指，在DNA核苷酸序列变的情况下，抑制基因的表达。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

个鼠妈妈导致的表变异会被递给她后面的好几代老鼠。

These vastly different fields share a common connection -- epigenetics.

这些截同的领域有个共同的联系——表学。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪些基因的后天改变是由运动造成的是至关重要的，以及哪些是偶发的，这些都需要时间。

Sarah Richardson's book The Maternal Imprint broadens this criticism to the field of human transgenerational epigenetics more generally.

莎拉·理查森 (Sarah Richardson) 的著作《母性印记》(The Maternal Imprint) 将这种批评更广泛地扩展到了人类跨代表学领域。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数的表学研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种好的事情。

Environmentally-induced epigenetic changes are part of the reason why genetically identical twins can grow up to have very different lives.

环境诱导的表基因变异是其中个原因为什么基因相同的双胞胎在长大以后拥有同的人生。

One of the hallmarks of ageing  is epigenetic change.

戴维：衰老的标志之是表变化。