But even though epigenetic changes are sticky, they're not necessarily permanent.

但即使表观基因异令人不满，它们不永久。

Working out which epigenetic changes wrought by exercise are important, and which incidental, will take time.

找出哪些基因后天改运动造成至关重要，以及哪些偶发，这些都需要时间。

Even social experiences can cause epigenetic changes.

甚至社交经验也能造成表徵化。

Epigenetic changes are part of normal development.

表徵化正常发育一部分。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓表现化信号会使肌肉更强壮。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这种母源基因沉默一种表观过程。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数表徵标记会被去除。

Now, 15 years of collaboration with neuroscience and epigenetics said yes, our brains change when you train in altruism.

神经科和表观 长达15年合作也表明，改可以发生，当你接受利他精神训练时， 你大脑会发生改。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因表观沉默指，在DNA核苷酸序列不情况下，抑制基因表达。

Those who believe in progress will, however, be pleased to know that epigenetics is not necessarily destiny.

但，相信事物发展化人们会很高兴，因为表现并不上天注定，难以改。

What all these epigenetic markers are doing remains obscure.

这些表观标志物到底都做了什么目前仍然不清楚。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科家经常使用和表观来识别可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关基因。

These are considered epigenetic changes, meaning that they effect which genes are expressed without directly changing the genetic code.

这些被认为表观异，就说它们在不直接更改基因代码前提下，影响了哪些基因被表现出来。

Over time, through this epigenetic reprogramming, some cells develop into heart cells, and others into liver cells.

一段时间后，通过表观重新运作，一些细胞成长为心脏细胞，其他成为肝脏细胞。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致表观异会被递给她后面好几代老鼠。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数表观研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种不好事情。

Which genes are active in a cell can be changed by making chemical alterations (known as epigenetic markers) to their DNA.

细胞中哪些基因活跃，这能够通过修改DNA化成分（表观标志物）而改。

These vastly different fields share a common connection -- epigenetics.

这些截然不同领域有一个共同联系——表观。

One of the hallmarks of ageing  is epigenetic change.

戴维：衰老标志之一表观化。

Meanwhile, new genome editing techniques are making it much easier to identify which epigenetic changes really matter for health and disease.

与此同时，新表观基因组编辑技术正在将它得更简单来区分哪些表观基因异对于健康和疾病有重要意义。