But if you think about the area that the twin study was involved in things like say, identifying what might be epigenetic damage to the geno that might proceed the development of mutations that could lead to cancer risk.

但是如果你想想双生子研究涉及领域，比如，确定引起基因表观遗传损伤加快基因突从而导致患癌风险因素。

These changes can happen during a lifetime, and may even be passed to offspring — but so far researchers are conflicted over whether epigenetic modifications can really persist over many generations and lead to lasting changes in populations.

遗传适应是终生，甚至可能传给后代。但到目前为止，研究者仍在争论表观遗传修饰造成是否可以传给多代后代，对族群造成长久影响。

These what-are-called epigenetic changes signal to the muscles to, well, tone up.

这些所谓表现遗传信号会使肌肉更强壮。

And the exciting thing about epigenetics is even though every cell in your body has essentially the same DNA, your epigenetics is what gives cells their identity, it's what makes a skin cell different from a brain cell.

而表观遗传学令人兴奋方是，即使你体内每个细胞都具有基本相同 DNA，但你表观遗传学是赋予细胞身份东西，正是它导致了皮肤细胞与脑细胞不同。

Well, a recent UCLA study used epigenetics to propose that everyone has a gay gene, but it's whether or not the attachment of a methyl group to specific regions of DNA is triggered and turns it on.

加州大学洛杉矶分(UCLA)一项研究利用表观遗传学提出，每个人都有一个同性恋基因，但关键是一个甲基对DNA特定区域连接是否被触发并激活。

And — as Sarah Merrill, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of British Columbia, has studied — there is an epigenetic influence, or how our social relationships in early life change the expression of our genes.

而且如英属哥伦比亚大学博士后 Sarah Merrill 曾研究过那样，存在表观遗传影响，或者说我们早期生活中社会关系如何改了基因表达。

While we have been able to connect specific epigenetic changes to health effects in mice, we're a long way off from being able to make those connections in humans.

虽然我们已经能够将特定表观遗传与小鼠健康影响联系起来，但我们离能够在人类身上建立这些联系还有很长路要走。

To the extent that epigenetic marking is involved in creating social status, then, status may be being maintained by the animal's cells as they replicate.

从此意义上讲，后天标记参与社会位形成，社会位维持靠动物细胞复制。

Epigenetics. It's basically the set of processes that turn parts of the genome on or off. And this normally happens is through something called DNA methylation.

答案是表观遗传学。它是一系列可以打开或关闭部分基因组过程，通常通过一种叫做DNA甲基方式发生。

In the word " epigenetic" , " epi" means outside of, and " genetic" refers to the DNA sequence of A's, C's, G's, and T's.

（表观遗传）这个词中，“epi”表示在...外面，“genetic”表示A、T、C、G组成DNA序列。

Most of epigenetic research has really focused on stress, anxiety, depression -- kind of a downer, kind of bad things.

大多数表观遗传学研究都集中在压力，焦虑，抑郁上—某种负面情绪，某种不好事情。

Which genes are active in a cell can be changed by making chemical alterations (known as epigenetic markers) to their DNA.

细胞中哪些基因是活跃，这是能够通过修改DNA学成分（表观遗传学标志物）而改。

Scientists often use genetics and epigenetics to identify genes that might be linked to developing cute features and babies.

科学家经常使用遗传学和表观遗传学来识别可能与可爱特征和婴儿发育有关基因。

These switches, called " epigenetic tags, " are why a kidney cell looks and acts differently than a skin or nerve cell, even though all three cells' have identical DNA.

这些开关被称为 “表观遗传标记”，这就是为什么就算有相同 DNA，肾细胞外观和功能都不同于皮肤细胞或神经元细胞。

But more research on the genetic and epigenetic factors of homosexuality will decrease homophobic laws around the world by further proving that being gay is not a choice.

但更多关于同性恋遗传和表观遗传因素研究将进一步证明同性恋不是一种选择，从而减少世界各恐同法律。

So we actually see specific epigenetic changes, so these chemical changes that occur as a function of age, we can measure them.

所以我们实际上看到了特定表观遗传，所以这些作为衰老功能学，我们可以测量它们。

The epigenetic changes caused by one single mother rat were passed down to many generations of rats after her.

一个鼠妈妈导致表观遗传异会被传递给她后面好几代老鼠。

So epigenetic silencing of a gene means turning it off while keeping the DNA sequence itself the same.

基因表观沉默是指，在DNA核苷酸序列不情况下，抑制基因表达。

Most epigenetic marks are erased when egg and sperm cells are formed.

当卵子和精子细胞形成时， 大多数表徵遗传标记会被去除。

And this silencing of the maternal copies is an epigenetic process.

这种母源基因沉默是一种表观遗传学过程。