And I said if it wasn't epistemic, we might as well not do it.

我说如果不是认知的咱们就干脆别忙活。

There are two types of Modality, they are Modalisation (epistemic modality) and Modulation (deontic modality).

模态有两种类型， 即模态化（认知模态）和调制（道义模态）。

One of the things I guess that this speaks to is what you've called epistemic trespassing.

我想这讲的就是你所说的认知越界。

And the difference between understanding and knowledge to sort of really empower narratives with epistemic values.

理解和知识之间的区别在于赋予叙事以认知价值。

I think that out of epistemic humility, we need to keep humans around for a long time.

我认为出于知识上的谦逊，我们需要让人类长期存在。

So an epistemic agent knows that P, right?

所以一个认识主体知道P，对吧？

And so she says that that's the epistemic value of art, right?

她说那就是艺术的认识价值，对吧？

There's epistemic uncertainty, which is actually not knowing the facts or the numbers or the process, the science of something.

有认知不确定性，实际上就是不知道事实、数字或过程，也就是某件事的科学原理。

You know, like, I feel like it becomes so boring to read such refined work in epistemic logic or something like that, you know.

你知道， 就是说， 我觉得读这种认识论逻辑的精细作品会变得很无聊，你知道。

But one of the things that I want to try to do in the book is put forth an epistemic way of evaluating historical narratives.

但在书中，我想尝试做的一件事是提出一种认识论的方法来评估历史叙事。

Yeah, it's interesting because, you know, you can think about this in terms of epistemic norms, which I guess becomes much more important than later on in analytic philosophy.

是的， 这很有趣，因为你可以从认识论规范的角度来思考这个问题，我想这在分析哲学的后期变得比以前更为重要。

The outcome of tragic action, on this view, is that we do not know the nature of divinity; it is closed from mortal eyes by a kind of epistemic mist.

根据这种观点， 悲剧行为的结果是我们不知道神性的；被一种认知迷雾从凡人的眼睛中关闭。

And see here I use an author, Catherine Elgin, who is at Harvard, And so one of the things that she's really trying to understand is the epistemic value of art.

而且看这里我引用一位作者， 凯瑟琳·埃尔金，在哈佛大学， 她试图理解艺术的认识价值。

That's the thing that I have an issue with here, whether he should actually be saying that because Williamson's way out of that is to say that normally our epistemic, our beliefs are true.

这就是我在此处有所异议的地方，即他是否真的应该那样说， 因为威廉姆森的解决之道是主张通常情况下，我们的认知、我们的信念都是真实的。 而当我们把某个信念定义为错误或反常时， 我们是依据真相来定义的， 对吧？

The novels can be interpreted as a bit to dramatize the epistemic challenges of an encounter with the divine is David stubbornly irrational cast of mind a sign that he is anointed or merely a child.

这些小说可以被解读为在一定程度上夸大与神圣相遇时的认识论挑战，戴维顽固的非理性思维是否是他被选中的标志，还是仅仅是一个孩子的表现。

Both received the approval and support of the  monarchy, despite church suspicion. Today, epistemic communities and international  conferences extend that net of scientific discovery and interaction to the global arena. But how did the scientific revolution start?

尽管有教会的怀疑， 但两人都得到君主制的认可和支持。今天，认知社区和国际会议将科学发现和互动的网络扩展到全球舞台。但科学革命是如何开始的呢？

One thing, though, that a historical realist might say about narratives is that they can be aesthetically pleasing and they can be emotionally powerful and morally instructive, but they're devoid of epistemic content, to put it philosophically.

不过，一个历史现实主义者可能会说，叙事可以是审美上令人愉悦的，可以是情感上强有力的，并且具有道德教益，但从认识论角度来看，们缺乏实内容。

And the best examples of epistemic trespassing actually come from the COVID-19 pandemic era, where people who knew math or knew a little bit about evolution decided to start making predictions and policy pronouncements about COVID-19 and about treatment.

认知越界的最佳例子实际上来自COVID-19大流行时期，一些懂数学或略知进化论的人开始对COVID-19及其治疗做出预测和政策声明。

When he claims that it is in fact a tactical advantage for women, that people have low expectations of them, she counters that it's not so advantageous if no one takes you seriously, anticipating modern-day concerns about epistemic injustice.

当他声称这对女性实际上是一种战术优势，因为人们对她们期望不高时，她反驳道， 如果没人认真对待你， 这并不算什么优势，预见现代关于认知不公的担忧。